Undemocratic legislature

In Alaska transportation bill, nearly $1 zillion went to Alaska, 47th populous maintain just behind California and Illinois -ultimately eliminated for the bridges, solely still got the funding Congresss inability to pass signifi basist jurisprudence regarding issues more or less which the public Is worried -Congress Is unrepresentative, do not get equal produce in government not satisfied with the bulge outcomes 1 .Ruthless partisan gerrymandering in the House, electoral districts drawn to maximize the probability that the party drawing lines exit elect its candidates-? overbore selecting their electors, process reversed -Representatives need to only appeal to the foot of their own parties instead than to centrist voters in the middle -Minority parties in gerrymandered districts ar Irrelevant to representative 2. Bicameralism, and Veto Points -united States, strongly bicameral legislature twain legislative houses equal in post Bicameralism Is not necessary to happen u pon Preamble e. G.Western Europe -Argument for second house subordination of strictly majorities broader constituency pedestal to support legislation Consensually, broad participation in overspent and broad correspondence on polices -Defend for the upper house longer terms allow a valuable corrective to the responsiveness of member of the lower house to the passions of the import because of their fear of losing votes in imminent election Also greater people represented, decision is less parochial But harder to pass legislation, two bodies rather than one agree on legislation-? prevents bad and also good legislation 3.President Veto Power Trilateral constitution-?president has a constitutive(a)ly assign blackball military unit A threat forcing congress to modify legislation before it is presented to the president -More Han 95 percent of all presidential precludees be successful -Some of bills may be passed with the hope of a veto, officials depend on new(prenominal) inst itutions to take the heat for blocking legislation supported by a local constituency -Original intention president should veto those raised constitutional questions, but now Just veto on any thousand he sees fit e. . Ford, 75 percent veto Pocket veto power of the president simply place a bill in the days immediately prior to its adjournment in his pocket, secure in the knowledge that it will not become law without his signature-?simply do nothing, still veto -President becomes a one-person hired legislative bedroom -Argue President represents the entire American people, single member takes a subject perspective, but there are presidents not receiving popular votes, not gibe with the capture of the congress by the political opposition 4.Illegitimate Senate Two senators from apiece state, each senator having one vote Seven smallest states have same power as seven largest states, excess of power-? unequal representation California cardinal clock times less than Wyoming Impacts - Senate can exercise a veto power on majorities legislation passed by the House hat is too dearly-won to the interests of small states, which are overrepresented in the senate-?too many veto points can block the wishes of an energize majority Government will systematically redistribute income from large states to small states Racial minorities a voice in national lawmaking process that is disproportionately small relative to their numbers stymie 41 -senator minority to block legislation, the participants may disproportionately from small states -Small-state senators greater incentives to concentrate on a few issues central to constituents, tend to hear assignment to committees that help them obtain particularize benefits for their constituents.Also spend less time on constituency contact, less time raising campaign funds, more possible to become party leaders -Coalition leaders have incentives to seek out senators from less populous states to build winning coalitions -?small s tates advantage enjoying benefits, in particular with guarantee that all states given a minimum of funds disregardless of population -Steady redistribution of resources from large to small states E. G. Implementation voting power of the mentors 52-48 substantiation of Clarence Thomas to become lifelong Justice of supreme court, voting against from state 52 percent of the population -Defeats the idea that the majority of the people rule-?68 years, notional majority party in control of the senate was elected from states with less than a majority of the population -Framers did not expect the country expanded so fast, senators were expected as independent 5. dual-lane government how separate do we want our institutions to be?Importance of political parties in our political system Modern political parties and the divided institutional structure of government has robbers Divided government One party controlled the White House while the other party controlled at least one house, and qui te possibly both houses of the congress Conduits Constitution discourages effective government -Frequency of election of house impairs the effect of a strong consensus among president, house and senate as to what the country wants -Many problems derived from presidential veto power, if not, disputes would solved within congress, veto power creates three institutions -Extending the terms in house to four years, presidential election years, fewer divided governments Ineligibility article No person can serve in the executive and legislative branches at the same time-? safeguard against corruption of the legislature, legislators may create gratuitous offices for them to fill But -Broaden the range of talent available to president when he assembles his administration -Authors of law invited to take responsibility for their execution 6.