What are the causes of ethnic violenceDiscuss with reference to Essay

What are the causes of ethnic violenceDiscuss with reference to Yugoslavia as a case study - Essay ExampleHowever, the turning point of the unrest in this realm was probably the ratification of the new character in 1974 which gave more autonomy to the individual majority rules that are check of the Yugoslavian jurisdiction (Devic, Ann (1998). According the new constitution, the republics have the option to declare its independence from the federation. Although this provision of the constitution is well-meaning and very democratic, this paved the way for people in the different republics in the Yugoslavian territory to seek independence and become a full-fledged nation on its own. The seed of nationalism is say to be planted by this provision of the constitution and spur the people from the republics to dream of becoming free-living.The requirement to be independent by the republics became more apparent when the Yugoslavian President Josip Borz Tito died in the 1980s (Cairns E . and roe M. (2003). The tension between the republics became more intense that June of 1991, Slovenia and Croatia decided that they want to become independent and severe their ties with the another(prenominal) federal republics (Cairns E. and Roe M. (2003). Later, in September of the same year, the republic of Macedonia made its intention to become independent while Bosnia and Herzegovina followed in March of 1992(Cairns E. and Roe M. (2003). Unfortunately, Serbia and Montenegro did not approve of the move of Croatia and Bosnia & Herzegovina to leave the federation. They however back up the idea of Slovenia leaving the federation.The assumption of Slobodan Milosevic in 1989 as president of Serbia, the largest and the most heavily populated republic in Yugoslav region brought the tension in the area to a higher level. In declination 23, 1990, 88% of the voting populace in Serbia voted for independence (Spencer, Metta (1998). President Slobodan Milosevic also started his plan to unite the regions of Croatia, Bosnia and Serbia into a great Serbian republic

Marketing Ethics and Regulation Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Marketing Ethics and Regulation - examine ExampleThe mark of ethics is one which would really help marketers make the correct choices in many an(prenominal) aspects of running a headache from determining the price, the promotional materials one makes available to public, accuracy in the mission of the product, support claims made round the product, to the kind of message those advertisements would effect to, and a lot to a greater extent (Marketing grave of Ethics, n.d.). Aside from these internal factors needed to be considered, a marketer would also have to think about giving the best and what is best to not only their customers but at the same time their employees which is more known as Corporate Social Responsibility. With all these responsibilities that one would be facing as a marketer, the write in code of ethics would be of utmost help.What is the basic idea of being able to align your business to what is ethical? Well, it is said that the simplest basis of doing so w ould be making sure you act according to the truth. The code of ethics is this law plus all the other specifications that a marketer could possibly encounter that the law would no longer be able to provide for. It reminds any marketer to be responsible for anything they do especially in those situations where there is a grey area wherein it is so easy to succumb to a deceptive marketing. One example of which would be perhaps undergoing cost cutting by choosing a more harmful packaging which is cheaper but could harm your consumers while you justify the act that it is for the common good as you would not have to fire any employee and at the same time cutting cost for your consumers. Indeed, the code of ethics really come into play in pushing a marketer to make the right on decision not just according to one point of view but in feel at all the angles of a certain decision (Marketing Tutorials, News, How-to and More, n.d). With

Comparative Human Resources Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Comparative Human Resources - Assignment ExampleAfter careful analysis of the associated pros and cons, based on the strength of the analysis I conducted with special emphasis on looking at it from a kind-hearted resources perspective, I have decided to recommend India as suitable post.To stay competitive, keeping operating be low makes a significant difference. Similarly when in the midst of a recessive economy, firms cut cost in order to survive the downturn. Labour costs that is a key component of the cost structure, is rightfully low in developing nations like India, China, Philippines etc. Offshoring trading operations to these countries, exclusivelyows these firms to reduce costs drastically for the aforesaid(prenominal) operations when compared to doing it at the home country.Therefore firms may contract their operations to a third companionship in a low cost country which is called outsourcing, or the firms may set up operations by transferring the work to their own l ocal company that is called offshoring. Notwithstanding the differences, outsourcing and offshoring are used interchangeably often. disregardless of the benefits, the IT service industry puts the worker and the customer in direct contact so outsourcing is not impoverished of some challenges. The human resources component has be to carefully assessed before embarking on this endeavour.TheIndia A potential locationOverview Some useful factsThe economy of India is the fourth largest in the world as measured by buy power parity (PPP), with a GDP of US $3.36 trillion. When measured in USD exchange-rate terms, it is the tenth largest in the world, with a GDP of US $691.87 billion (2004). India was the second fastest growing major economy in the world, with a GDP suppuration rate of 8.1% at the end of the first quarter of 2005-2006. (Source from website http//en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Economy_of_India) The Rupee is the only levelheaded tender accepted in the India and is pegged to the US d ollar and the current exchange rate hovers around INR44 to 1USD. India is the worlds largest commonwealth and has a population of more than 1 billion. The liberalisation reforms of 1991 opened up this conservative country and its growth has been fuelled by it, making it an attractive potential to be tapped. Foreign investors were benefited by the ability to make investments in business and this has made India an appealing offshoring destination. USA is the largest foreign investor in India. A number of MNC like GE, Dell, IBM, Honeywell all have huge operations in India. Doing business in India is all not smooth seafaring though, and they are risks and roadblocks to conducting business in India. India is steeped in tradition and its people are by

Choose from the list of topics Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Choose from the list of topics - shew ExampleJust because a behavior is uncommon to some, does not make it unusual to others. For example, Catholics can acquire to attend their religious services once a week, not at all or both day, depending on the neighborhood in which they leave. While it might seem unusual to some to want to go to church every day, are they hurting anyone? As a Muslim, I am required by my faith to pray five times a day. May I choose to pray a lot? Of course I may, but if I were to pull out my prayer mat and pray much than five times a day, I may be seen as unusual. That does not, however, mean that I want to be tough for a religious disorder, because I am not harming myself. I can as well as pray more than five times a day while conducting my mundane life without much interruption. Since unusual religious behavior is a rather broad term, I have used rather broad examples above. However, there are religious behaviors that are not just unusual, but har mful to a person physically and mentally. In some religions, there is a consumption of alcohol. If a person entangle that by drinking the alcohol that was served until it was gone, they would become closer to their God, then this is a behavior that would not only be considered unusual but also harmful. Alcohol poisoning, drunkenness, and other factors moldiness be taken in play. Another example to consider is a person who feels that they cannot and should not leave their house of worship, for any reason. A person that feels that only within those walls were they safe from death, fear, destruction, sickness, or any other factors. This, clearly, is not only unusual harmful mentally but also impedes living of their daily life, and therefore, the root cause of this behavior must be treated psychologically so that this person may resume their daily life. Temptation is, by its very nature, all around us. Every day we face temptation in varying degrees. immoral is all around us, and tri es to tempt us into making the wrong decision by being strong, we eliminate the evil actions. We cannot, however, avoid the evil or blasphemous thoughts, from wishing the person that just cut mop up our car on the freeway would crash to glancing twice at the person that looks just a petty bit better-looking than our significant other. Normal religious behavior is to accept the wickedness for these actions and ask for forgiveness, later which we are forgiven and can go on about our daily lives until the next temptation pops up in our face. A person that feels that they must pray for forgiveness, even out in public, for the transgressions that have occurred should not be considered unusual, as they are simply practicing their faith and quietly asking for forgiveness. However, if a person was praying constantly, excessively, refusing to stop and wracked with guilt over the slightest transgression, that would be both harmful to them as well as prohibit them from living their daily life. They should then be treated for a religious disorder. Along those same lines, if a person felt that they were doomed to hell, becoming depressed and despondent because of what they saw as the many numerous transgressions that they had committed, they should be treated for a religious disorder. They have become a danger to themselves, sinking into deep depression and futile to live their daily lives as they are constantly dwelling on these so-called transgressions and what they see as a need for forgiveness. Persons in this state

TED speech reflection Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

TED speech formulation - Essay ExampleIt is a useful tool that is for planning in the health service sphere of influence especially in Maternal and nestling Health (US part of Health and Human Services, 2010).Maternal and s take a shitr Health quality should be continuously. The mortality rate in developing countries was very high in the past although major steps have already been taken thus reducing the number significantly. It is very paramount for health ministrys to invest in the sector since children are the future generation of the universe. in that respect an enabling environment should be provided for them to discover their talents, achieve their admits and desires and grow in all aspects. Hence, the need for strategic Maternal and Child Health Planning arises (Fraser, 2013). The following variables are, therefore, the drivers that affect efforts made towards achieving the Maternal and Child Health. They include time, the environment and equity. In order to improve MC H, time is a very imperative aspect. Children should be treated in time to eliminate the number of deaths that arises as a result of late treatments. In addition, environment forces influence the steps made towards achieving better service provision. Countries, which have low living standards, have numerous challenges in achieving the LCT in MCH. Finally, the service is not provided uniformly some people can mystify their preferred treatment during the process of accessing health services (US Department of Health and Human Services, 2010).US Department of Health and Human Services, Health Resources and Services Administration, Maternal and Child Health Bureau. (2010). Rethinking MCH The life course mystify as an organizing framework. Concept Paper, Version 1.1. Retrieved from

Nuts Production Mix Problem Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Nuts Production ripple in Problem - Research Paper ExampleAssuming that the beau monde can bought 1,000 pounds more of almonds from a supplier who overbought for $1,000, the additional gather contribution is $4,958 which is much more than the additional cost of almond. The new production mixes ar presented on the table in the next page.If the ultimate objective is attain the highest contribution profit, then the company is better off not satisfying the existing orders. The company is better off with the production mix presented below.This production mix shows a contribution profit of $62,250 which is $875 higher than if the company satisfies the existing orders. This is so because the pass mix uses a lot of almond which is a scarce resource for the production mix. Of course, the quest for profit shouldnt be the end all, be all for the organization. The company also has to be socially responsible maculation doing business, and simply ignoring orders for higher gains is not in alignment with corporate social responsibility (Albareda 2008, p. 430).

Academic carrier goal Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words

Academic carrier goal - Essay ExampleMy papers were appreciated a nap some(prenominal) in home and school. Teachers approved of my critical analysis and encouraged me to practice the act quite a frequently. They visualized a potential manufacturer and director in me because of which, throughout my high school, I was named 2 in 1. Gradually, the inspiration I gained from my mentors became ingrained in my thinking, and I wanted to build my occupational group in film make. This field is perfect for me because it accords with my aptitude. I was recently studying the program of film making at an invention school, which considerably lacked the technology that is essential for the demonstration of skill. Therefore, I have decided to steer my credit hrs to another school, the Chapman University in LA. From the prospectus, I have come to know that Dodge College is well fit with latest technology pertaining to film direction and production. Sound capturing is an important element if fi lm making, and can both make and break the quality of a film. In order to be a good producer and director, it is compulsory to be educated on the use of equipment. Dodge College equips digital audio recorder, boom microphone, digital editing software and such other tools that I can practice on and learn the art of film making. Therefore, I want to pursue my studies in this college.

Ismg Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 3

Ismg - Essay ExampleFor the caller to be on the economical side considering the fact that the party does not have a in truth strong financial background presently, it is suggested that ignoring the SAP was not too wrong a choice. With the rewriting also, the ac order did not falter so much in not choosing that option. This argument is made against the background that the company does not have the needed personnel to manage that system. Opting for outsourcing was therefore right at the time of the selection. With outsourcing, the company was sure of employing the services of experienced people whose reputation could be trusted based on their preceding contracts.Trade off basically refers to the benefits that will exchanged for undertaking the requirements analysis. Considering the fact that the account payable puke is a very huge project that comes with a lot of financial obligation, undertaking requirements analysis was overtaking to be very beneficial in ensuring that the disc harging company did not have to make wrong enter with the needed requirements for the project so that it would get short of budget along the way. As noted in the case study, the agreeable bidder was going to bear every cost that would come apart from the agreed tippytoe because the contract is a fixed amount contract. The trade off was therefore going to be that the winning bidder would not run at a lost for making wrong estimation and having to seek limited funding to cater for the excesses.On the surface, it may seem that the software development methodology adopted by the company was the waterfall module. However, the Hrad team themselves note that there was much more rapid over-lapping model than the handed-down waterfall system. The over-lapping nature of the module is from the fact that there was an existing system that the project implementers had to rewrite a copy of. To this effect, it can be argued on a technical basis that the methodology was a prototyping. Prototypi ng has some other

Alzheimer's disease Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Alzheimers illness - Essay Examplelois Alzheimer first detected and described this disease in 1907 in Auguste Deter, a middle aged woman who was diagnosed with the dementia and some disorders in her originator function. Untill 1970s this disease defined as a rare mark that affect old people, merely Robert Katzman proved that Alzheimers disease is not a normal part of aging and it is the same condition as senile dementia. The statistic shows that Alzheimers disease affected approximately 26.6 million of people in 2006. clinical trials predict that prevalence of the Alzheimers will be 1 out of 85 people by 2050 worldwide. (Web MD, 2014)There are several types of Alzheimers disease depending on the severity. They include mild and moderate Alzheimers disease. Mild Alzheimers is an early stage of this disease that characterized with temporary memory loss. Patients at this stage commonly have problems with complicated tasks, forget where they put their things, get lost, bottom of the inningnot find words to explain their thoughts and have iridescent mood. People sight normally survive with this type of Alzheimers but they required appropriate treatment to reduce possible symptoms. (Frstl H, 1999)Neuropsychological testing can detect this type of Alzheimers disease because the symptoms can be confusing with aging. Moderate Alzheimers is the most complicated and longest stage of the disease. It is progressive and can leads to overall memory lost. Patients with this type of Alzheimers usually do not remember their biography, family, friends and have problems with thought and language. In this stage patients cannot normally live without help of the caregivers and treatment. It can last for long time and finally lead to death. People with Alzheimers disease can live approximately 7 age after diagnosis. Only in 3% of all Alzheimers cases patients lived for 14 years after diagnosis. (Wenk GL,2003)At the cellular level Alzheimers disease mainly affect neurons in t he cerebral cortex. Neurons lose their baron to

The Relationship between the investment in Petrochemical Industries Research Proposal

The Relationship amid the investment funds in Petrochemical Industries and Economic Development - Research Proposal ExampleChanging the production means refers to the rectification of faults in the structure of the economy or elimination that problem (Omar Mohyee Adeen, 1976).One of the major factors that affect the changes in the national economy is that of investment decisions (Krosinsky, and Robins, 2008). Often the discovery of an copious natural resource in one country leads to tremendous investment in the resource and decline in the manufacturing sector. This scenario which is called the Dutch disease is a common effect in developing as well as developed countries.It is necessary that the victimization of an industry following the discovery of a natural resource is accompanied with a balanced teaching of manufacturing and the small industries. This will lead to generation of employment and diversification of the sources income.With the availability of abundant raw materi als, natural gas and cheap workforce the petrochemical industry is the best industry that shall be developed to grow the economy (Rooney, 2005 Sari, 2009). With this framework, it will be interesting to analyze if there is any relationship between the investments in petrochemical industry and economic festering. Besides this, the beginning will try to find out the fortuity of a Dutch Disease taking place in the Libyan economy. The author will as well as try to find out the possible ways to prevent it and achieve a balanced growth of economy.The aim of this research is to understand and explore the potential impact of the discovery of petrochemical industry resources in Libya. The author aims to achieve the following objectives through the researchThe effect of the development of petrochemical industry on other industrial sectors size and profitability. In particular, the author aims to find out the affect on littler and manufacturing industries.Often, the discovery of a natural resource in abundance leads to high economic

Some questions on Shpping Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Some questions on Shpping - Essay ExampleThis has made possible the transition of outsourcing reach new levels. Now many countries where the manufacturing costs are high drop out mentiond the manufacture to countries where the cost is relatively low and then re-imported back into the country.And with freight rates being relatively low, now companies source raw materials from one country, export it to other country where it is processed and finally sold in other country. This has caused the international trade to increase from 0.55bt in 1950 to 4.3bt in 1995 an 8-fold increase.For the transport of crude oil we would use a Crude oil color Tanker such as a ULCC with a capacity of up to 500,000t DWT since we deprivation to transport as much crude oil in a single journey as possible due to high demands.For the transport of grains, we would use a Dry Bulk Cargo transfer such as the handymax or the panamax. They are the most sparing to build, and therefore the freight rates offere d would be low allowing for the commodities to be traded at economical rates.For the domestic air-conditioners, we would use a container transmit. ... For the transport of iron ore we screwing also use a Dry Bulk Cargo ship but with a much higher DWT such as those found on the Capesize. For the domestic air-conditioners, we would use a container ship. The benefit offered would be that transport costs would be low the goods crowd out safely stored on board the ship and can easily and quickly be loaded and discharged. 3)How is the simplicity of design of the dry bulk carrier relevant to the fact that it carries law quantify cargoA3)Dry Bulk carriers mostly transport cargoes of low value which would have very few specialised needs. This would cockeyed that the design of the Dry Bulk carrier would not require many special additions as compared to other ships which carry specialised cargoes such Crude Oil Tankers or Reefers. This would translate into lower costs in terms of manufac turing, which would mean lower investments for the ship owners. This advantage would be seen in that the freight rate of a Dry Bulk Carrier would be a lot lower as compared to a Tanker. And since most of the cargoes transported by these ships are of low values that would mean that the profits would not be as high and therefore the need to transport the goods at economical costs. 4)What are flags of convenience How have they changed over the last decades How have classification societies and IACS influenced their developmentsA4)Flags of convenience is when a ship is registered in one country but is owned by a party present in another country. Under international maritime laws, the country where a ship is registered in determines the regulations to be applied upon the ship irrespective of the country of origin of the ships owner.As many countries have become stricter and labour costs have risen, many ship owners register their ships in

The Emergence Of Jazz Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

The Emergence Of Jazz - Essay ExampleIt is at this age that the manage medicinal drug took over the country, and one would imagine that the Englishmen appreciated the elaboration of the Blacks. With 1919-1930 regarded as the Harlem Renaissance thanks to the spread of the culture of the Blacks, Jazz music spread exceptionally4. However, the Europeans would grab a section of the Jazz music lovers as they go their music from New Orleans to Chicago so as they could accrue economic gain from their music5. It is plain that these whites enjoyed a huge deal from the Jazz market as it was crowded by African Americans in the times. For the Europeans, jazz music was a continuation of their Blues music. As seen in the work of Scaruffi, jazz musicians were exclusively singing care the Blue singing groups only that they compete instruments as opposed to using their vocals6. The creativity in jazz music was then similar to that of the blues music. The voices of the musicians were simply fa shioned to sound like that of the instruments. The instruments used explain what jazz music was for the Europeans and how the sounds played the role of the voices in the music7. The events that shaped the 1919 struggle played a huge role in the making of jazz music. The Europeans were motivated by their zeal to approach to power, and also they needed to define their style. Fitzgerald says that the generation of the time included teenagers in the course of the war and the events of the war motivated the youth and the jazz artists8. The war is still clear in the brains of numerous Englishmen. With this in mind, the jazz musicians then had the need to stimulate the nerves of its listeners. Fitzgerald says that the youth of the time were wild, while new types of audiences rose from the war9. bow-wow andBarbara add that there involved the wealthy middle class kids, servicemen, bureaucrats, and women escalating to public service10. A close hit of these audiences entails gender and clas s.

The Acquisition of Tense by Arabic Learners of English Language Thesis Proposal

The Acquisition of Tense by Arabic Learners of position Language - Thesis Proposal ExampleThis proposal was motivated by an chase in the subject as well as the knowledge that the results of the study ar potentially arable and could provide necessary knowledge in the area of linguistic science. This subject is a problem of signification for the students it masks and the knowledge to be gained from this study stands to benefit more than the population of peoples with Arabic as a startle language. It is my hope that the findings of this study will also be used to assist other L2 students, and perhaps meliorate their relationship with a min language. Among the problems faced by English students with Arabic as their first language is the acquisition of strives. The morphemes of the English language differ greatly from those of Arabic, and the irregularities of tenses must be memorized, making the acquisition of tenses virtuoso of the most difficult parts of the eruditeness pro cess. As stated by Johanne Paradis, this situation is a unguarded domain for English language learners across acquisition contexts Since one of 2 allomorphs pertaining to the past tense is possible, any td or t or d, the English past tense exhibits a quasi-regularity. These combined attributes create difficulties for the would-be English learner. To appreciate the hardship of the L2 student, data will be collected from thirty students at three serial levels of ability. Two approaches will be taken epoch analyzing the data in an attempt to prove two hypotheses.... Since one of two allomorphs pertaining to the past tense is possible, either td or t or d, the English past tense exhibits a quasi-regularity (McClelland). These combined attributes create difficulties for the would-be English learner. To appreciate the hardship of the L2 student, data will be collected from thirty students at three consecutive levels of ability. Two approaches will be taken while analyzing the data in an attempt to prove two hypotheses. Problem Statement Learning difficulties arising for L2 students can affect certain aspects of their lives. In the case of foreign students, attempts to integrate into a new country can be inhibited by linguistic difficulties. knowing a language involves mastering an intricate system liberal of surprising regularities and idiosyncrasies. (Sag and Wasow, 2001) For people attempting to learn English as a second language, it can be humiliating and often debilitating to incorrectly express tenses. In the workplace, people with English as a second language are often misjudged as unintelligent. Added to the difficulties most adults have with the correct acquisition of phonological sounds, (Escudero, 2005) the learning of English for Arabic speakers is quite a challenge. The confusion of past tenses was one of the major errors in tenses describe in a study of Arab learners of English at the University of Sudan (Kambal, 1980). Therefore, a study concer ning the acquisition of English tenses by Arabic students can assist students with similar problems by determining the most effective solution. Hypotheses There are two hypotheses which will be used to attempt an explanation of the difficulties that

Revised Resource requirements Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Revised imagination requirements - Essay ExampleRevised Resource requirementsMost importantly, though, the entire cost of new choices must not exceed the initial $3.5 million coiffe set aside for the whole image. Information ab come out how past throw ups of the kind handled the problem of floods will be important in alleviating the menace and stemming cases of a project creep. In light of the new changes to resource requirements occasioned by the flood disaster, the cost of investment will likely go up past the $3.5 million mark.In order to keep the cost of investment low, the project team will impoverishment to carry out a painstaking re-evaluation of the new requirements, especially those that revolve round control of floods. Specifically, the team will need to re-draw the Work Breakdown Structure (WBS) to include flood disaster control activities alongside the original resource requirements. A comprehensive WBS that includes flood clearance and restocking of damaged material s will provide an accurate cast and estimation of the actual resources needed for the Mobile Cancer Screening project.Estimation of the amount of resources will modify the stakeholders to take stock of the additional costs and set up control measures to avoid a project creep (Kousholt, 2007). More effort will be needed to control the disaster and set the project on the path to success. Proper estimation of the additional effort will enable the project animal trainer to deploy the right amount of resources for a time-cost trade-off in order to retain quality.

Banking Comparison Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Banking Comparison - audition ExampleFirst, the psychiatric hospital to be picked must(prenominal) be fit to guarantee safety of the relys made. Further, it should ensure be able to provide both long term and short term investment opportunities. Moreover, with the increasing technological advancement, it must be able to provide online banking service at affordable rates.The choice taken must be able to guarantee ATM services within the area of residence and other locations as well. Interest should also be placed on the checking accounts and the fees that are associated with them. The institution should also be able to ensure access to the services internationally as well as a safe deposit box. The fees charged on the money transfers should also be a point of concern. Finally, the location of the institution should be convenient and the interest earned on the savings program should be considerate. Indeed, a financial institution that guarantees all these result be the best.The methodology that will be adopted in carrying out question to ascertain the most appropriate financial institution to join will include both prime and secondary. Secondary will involve searching the online information available regarding the institution including the website and other articles. Further, there will be primary approach where an in-depth interview will be carried out to ensure that adequate commencement hand information is gathered from the bank personnel. This will be done through the visiting of the banks as an undivided and doing a face to face interview with the institutions staff on the services offered. Finally, the data collected through both the primary and secondary approach will be compared with the individual needs in order to come up with the very best option.After carrying out seek on Bank of America, CITI, and Chase bank, it was clear that the banks offer almost similar services of interest. Indeed, having visited the branches for in-depth interviews, it almost became surd to

London Borough of Merton Council Essay Example for Free

London Borough of Merton Council EssayThe organization that I am researching is the London Borough of Merton Council. This organization is of interest to me as my father works in the building as head of Planning and Public Protection. He will be my main contact point in the Council as he has worked as head of IT function in his previous Council. The work done in the council I withal find interesting. The Council is situated in the South of London in Merton Civic aggregate. The Councils IT stem has belatedly been upgraded as part of Downing Streets E-Government plan. A variety of schemes were upgraded and new solutions introduced as part of this.The responsibilities of the council argon outlined in this statement bringn from the Merton Borough Council Website1 commits the Council to provide clear leadership to the community in partnership with residents, businesses, the voluntary sector and some other organizations support the active involvement of the public in the dec ision-making process take decisions efficiently and effectively identify clearly those responsible for decision making and hold them to account and better the delivery of services to the community. The council must provide services for the entire borough of Merton, some 168,470 residents.The Council provides services to the residents and businesses of Merton in four departments Education, Leisure and Libraries This department is involved in working with schools, libraries and youth to maintain a high train of achievement in the argona. It also evaluates the Leisure facilities in the area and relates them to other departments. It also works to construe equality of opportunity for all through the services it provides, its commitment to inclusion and its contribution to the social and scotch regeneration of the borough Environmental Services.The Environmental Services department is the largest in the council and aims to maintain and improve the local environs and economy of th e Borough through the delivery of quality services and through regeneration and partnership initiatives. Its services are wide ranging, affecting everyone living in, working in or travelling through the Borough. It is involved in many areas, for example regulation, which includes development control, building control, environmental health and trading standards, highway licensing and parking enforcement, and environmental maintenance which includes refuse collection, street cleaning and highway maintenance. financial Services The Finance subdivision provides the Councils Financial Management Framework. It rigorously manages the councils budget to help managers control expenditure in their relative department. The Finance Department also collects all monies from residents and businesses and tries to make these payment methods more devilible using the Internet, Merton Link and the Call Centre facility. The Department also strives to make the financial documents of the council easier to understand and read. Housing and Social Services.The Housing and Social Services department is responsible for the management of housing solutions in the area and Social care for residents. Its responsibilities range from the assignation and management of Council Housing waiting lists to evaluating and inspecting Childcare services in the borough. Merton has lately been examining ways to make access to services easier for all its customers. It has also been looking at improving links with its suppliers, agencies, central government and other organisations it has to work with.The aim is to build services around the of necessity of the customers, with improved responsiveness and quality. In enunciate to achieve this goal, Merton will make full use of information technology (IT) to deliver services seamlessly and at times to suit the needs of the citizen. Within the next four years customers will be commensurate to access services through the Internet, digital televisions, and mobile phones, as well as walk-in and earpiece customer contact centres. This project will be called e-merton, and will run from now to 2005.The e-merton project is designed to provide access to services electronically, and will help Merton meet the Governments target of having all services on tap(predicate) electronically by 2005. However, the Council recognises that personal contact will still be necessary to meet the divers(a) needs of customers. Also, the Council will ensure that nobody is excluded from receiving modern service delivery due to their status, special needs or location. The IT system within the council spans the whole organization and every Council Officer has their own workstation.The workstations are apply for E-Mail communication and personal management as well as general typing duties. The Council also owns large industrial drawing scanners for the input of development and architectural drawings for Building Control (Planning) applications. Digital cameras are also used for working in the field and providing evidence for Environmental Services investigations. The area of the council I shall be focusing on in my study is a new Council Benefits and Building controls system recently installed by a St.Albans IT company. The system covers the whole of these areas from paying council tax online to scanning and cataloguing architectural drawings for building plans, concealment three departments in the council. I shall be studying the installation of the new system, problems, training etc and the evaluation of the system by users. My contact within the council, my father, will provide extremely good links with IT department administrators and to documents relating to the recent installation and evaluation of the solution.

Interest Initiates Learning Essay Example for Free

Interest Initiates Learning EssayIn Gerald Graffs essay, Hidden Intellectualism, one is heart-to-heart to the authors view of different means of intellectualism. Graff gives the subscriber an uncommon perception of what it means to be an intellectual. He expresses his views by stating that a person can be an intellectual in fields that create nothing to do with academia, such as street smarts or particular interests. He also states that if you compound these particular interests in the classroom, students deemed as unintellectual would be much likely to grasp the taught materials. These students could then perform to their authentic potential. To begin with, Graff uses many forms of logic to persuade the reader into his point of view. By employing logos into his writing he states logical arguments of how many students are street smart or interested in other things. Graff guides the reader into the realization that if a student is interested in a subject, it is only logical that when the subject is incorporated into the learning material then the student will comprehend the concept more easily. Graff states that they would be more prone to take on intellectual identities if we encourage them to do so at first on subjects that interest them rather then ones that interest us (Graff 199).Next, Graff uses his personal experiences to help the reader connect with his ideas finished pathos. He tells us how, as a young man, he did not consider himself an intellectual and was not interested in scholarly matters. I offer my own adolescent experience as a case in point. Until I entered college, I hated books and cared only for sports. (Graff 199) He later reflects his newfound thoughts on intellectualism as he states, I have recently come to think, however, that my preference for sports over schoolwork was not anti-intellectualism so much as intellectualism by other means. (Graff 200) He then allows the reader to sympathize and contact by informing us that he grew up torn, then, between the need to prove that he was smart and the fright of a beating if he proved it too well. (Graff 200)Last but not least, by using ethos, Graff establishes his credibility. He writes extremely well and refers to other well known authors in his essay such as George Orwell, Students do need to read models of intellectually challenging writingand Orwell is a great oneif they are to belong intellectuals themselves. (Graff 199) He also speaks of the 1950s, a time period when opinions on intellectualism varied and reinforces his statement by render a real life example when Marilyn Monroe married playwright Arthur Miller after divorcing baseball atomic number 82 Joe DiMaggio.It was the symbolic triumph of geek over jock and suggested the way the wind was blowing. (Graff 201) Overall I in person agree with Graff. As a student myself I feel that learning would be much easier if it was associated with things that I found to be interesting and enjoyable. I feel a t times that the education system is precise set in its ways. Times and spate are changing, and so should the methods of teaching and involving students in the classroom. Many people with great potential might be limited by their lack of interest and may neer be able to display to the world what they are capable of without Graffs vision.

Creative Writing - Whangamata Beach Essay Example for Free

Creative paper Whangamata Beach EssayAs I gaze over my photo album I go against on a particular photo. Its dark but I can just make forth the shadowy figures posing in the background, the murky night enclosing itself around them. Brightly coloured flames bill up from the wood in front of them I can still feel that w limbth of the fire. I search my mind screening to place the exact details of that night only they blur and get until there are only specs of a memory. That photo always brings me back to ane place, Whangamata. feeling up to the sky, glimmering with brightly illuminated stars I breathe in only to have my lungs endure coated with the thick sea salt that travels up the sandy banks of the beach every time a wave begins to crash down on the shore. I reach for my camera which has been swallowed up by the adjoin sand. Brushing it off I focus it on everyones shadowy faces. They all gather around, they huddle to try fit into the screen of the camera. Taking the pho to I hear the shutter click, lying back I close my eyes.The heat of the blazing fire penetrates my skin as I sink into the sand. I conceive about all the complications Ill have when I get back to Auckland. As I sigh, I po mystifyion my head on a piece of drift wood. Aiming my stare towards my friends I see them relation and dancing around the fire. Lazily I smile at them when they begin to call my name. Youre no amusement Erin shouts as I stick my tongue out at her in mock response. After a while more people begin to join me beside the fire, their bodies tired from the erratic movement of tonights adventures. Rose begins to calm everyone and as it quietens a clearer noise is audible. Laughter and shouting from the distance booms and echoes around us. Everyone turns to give each different puzzled looks.This is our spot, how could anyone find us here? I squint trying to make out who they are but the blackness of midnight is too dark and hazy. Hidden from my eyesight for a while, shadowy silhouettes eventually come in from the dimness behind the fire. A group of people were making their way towards us, shouting. One by one our group stood up, I was the last to stand but the first to approach them. Erin ran to catch up with me, linking her arm through mine when she reaches me. Her icy skin gives me goose bumps I rub my arms to stay warm. gravy rumbles in the distance as the cool offshore breeze begins to whip my hair lightly backwards and forwards. When we reach the intruders I speak, Im Kayleigh, this is Erin and theyre our friends I motioned towards everybody standing around the fire. The group standing before me smiled. Can we sit with you for a while weve been walking for hours the boy closest to me asks huskily. I nod in reply. Instead of

The Symbols Of The White Buffalo And The Red Heifer Essay Example for Free

The Symbols Of The albumin buffalo And The rubor Heifer EssayE genuinely market-gardening has its own set of norms and precepts that treat as guide and standard of living for its masses. Each gloss is universe protected and kept sac inflammation by the people and is cosmos passed by generation to generation. Even as the world goes on to its fast changing global trend, although some of the worlds ancient ethnic traditions give up already vanished or at least faded away, some remained strong and were kept, observed and regularly celebrated today. eon Greek and Ro opus mythologies are integrated in the modern husbandry (such as the bes of the heavenly bodies), the allegorys and myths which main characters are animals evoke still be traced in the modern heathenish traditions held by the people. Two of these examples are the legends of the colourise Buffalo and the sanguine Heifer, animals which symbols are held sac rubicund tear down unto this day. The smock Buffalo and the Red Heifer are animals that are held symbolically sac ruby- bolshy by the Native Americans and the Jewish people, respectively. While their legends are held by completely different enculturations, these animals symbolize quite the same sac rose-cheeked values of hope, change, vitality and death. to begin with we can make further comparison of the cardinal different cultures, it is substantial that we first build to look into the stories behind their cultural symbols.A brief narration of the story of the uncontaminating Buffalo fair sex, which is considerd to curb been the origin of the symbolic importance of the light Buffalo in the culture of the Sioux or the Lakota tribe, get out be briefly narrated here before we lead try to extract the symbols deep inside the legend. We will be taking the highlights of the legend from the story as told by John Fire halt deer, a man believed to be a Heyoka, and a holy man of Lakota (John Fire Lame Deer, 1967) In wi zard summer, the septet devoted council of fires, called Oceti-Shakowin,of the nation called Lokota Oyate encamped. The chief of the one of the bands (Itazipcho or Without-Bows), Standing Hollow Horn sent two of his men to hunt for food. In a high hill, they came across with a woman, floating with two circuit red dots of face paint on her cheeks (John Fire Lame Deer, 1967). In John Fire Lame Deers own wordsShe wore a wonderful pluck buckskin outfit, tanned until it shone a coarse way in the sun. It was embroidered with sacred and marvelous designs of porcupine quill, in radiant colors no average woman could yield do.The woman was identified as Ptesan-Wi, ashen Buffalo Woman. One of the men had a sexual desire of the woman and tried to touch her but was struck by lighting and was burn until all was left of him was a heap of blackened bones. Other version of this trigger says that the fresh man was eaten by the snakes which were under the feet of the sacred woman and all was his skeleton. The different young man was told to rejoin to camp and tell the appal nation to prepare for her plan of attack.The chief then ball clubed the people to get ahead and prepare for the coming of the holy woman and the medicine lodge with twenty-four poles was made as coiffureed. aft(prenominal) four days, the White Buffalo Woman arrived in the camped, entered the medicine lodge and then taught the people numerous things. They made an earthen altar (made of red earth) with a cow skull. The holy woman then loose the bundle containing the sacred pipe called chanunpa and then taught them how to use it. She as well taught them the proper words and gestures of prayer to how to clack the pipe-filling song.The White Buffalo Woman in like manner told them that they are the living bridge between the Sacred on a lower floor and the Sacred Above. She then turned to the stone in the drum roll and said, Its stone represents the buffalo, but also the cast and blood of the red man. The buffalo represents the universe and the four directions, because he stands on four legs, for the four ages of man. The buffalo was put in the west by Wakan Tanka at the making of the world, to hold game the weewees. Every grade he loses one hair, and in every one of the four ages he loses a leg.The Sacred handbasket will end when all the hair and legs of the owing(p) buffalo are gone, and the water make loves back to projection screen the Earth. The White Buffalo Woman also told the women that the works of their hands are as groovy as the warriors, taught them how to fire the hearth and the way the corn and meat should be cooked. To the children she said that they are the most important and most precious ones. As the purest of all tribes, she told Lakota that it was the reason why sacred piper was given to them. Before the White Buffalo Woman left, she told Standing Hollow Horn these wordsRemember this pipe is very sacred. Respect it and it will take you to the end of the road. The four ages of creation are in me I am the four ages. I will put in to see you in every generation cycle. I shall come back to you.The ending of the legendary story might have been the one held symbolically important up to this day. The White Buffalo Woman left the tribe, rolled over and stopped four times. On each(prenominal) stop, the holy woman turned into different colors of a buffalo. First she turned into black, then to brown, to red one and then to a uncontaminating female buffalo. In John Fire Lame Deers narration, the legend ended this way And from that day on, our relations, the buffalo, furnished the people with everything they deficiencyed meat for their food, skins for their wearing apparel and tipis, bones for their many tools (John Fire Lame Deer, 1967).In the midst of the highly urbanized Western culture, the legend of the White Buffalo Woman is still alive in the culture of the plains tribes in America. Based on the moral value of the story and the economic situations of the native Americans, at that place is no reason to doubt that the White Buffalo is more than a legend and cultural symbol in the lives of these people. For the light people of America, the White Buffalo is a symbol of sacred life and abundance (Kagrise, Sarah 2005).The tribes of Lakota, Dakota, Nakota and Sioux regard the white buffalo as an important element of their traditions and prophecies (Schwartz, Stephanie M. 2006). If we are to go back to the legend, we have noted that the White Buffalo Woman left a promise to the nation that she will see them again and that promise is what the Native Americans are still waiting for unto these days. Held as a prophetic sign, these people are literally waiting for the origin of a white buffalo, an omen which signals the beginning of a sacred hoop of life (Kagrise, Sarah 2005).Why should one even expect that in the midst of the highly urbanized American culture, people will be amazed with the birth of a white buffalo and was even named Miracle? On August 20, 1994 a white buffalo was born in Janesville, Wisconsin farm-an event which struck the American people that they rushed to the see the white buffalo with their gifts (Menagerie, Steve). One practical reason that is, if we are to examine the event out of the context of culture and tradition, is that white buffalo is biologically or genetically rare.Buffalos are already considered 1n proto(prenominal) extinct as early as 1893 wherein it is estimated that there had completely been 300 buffalos left in North America. Despite the fact that Miracle has changed color from white to blonde on its third year, the people around still continue to see her. On her death ten years aft(prenominal), Miracle left the Native American community shocked. Two years later, other white buffalo was born in the same farm which they named Miracles Second Chance. These events were held as prodigious omens by the Lakota tribe.A apparitional leader of the Teton Oglala Lakota named David alter interpreted these omens by critically examining each phase. For Shallow, the name of the second white buffalo is by no means a coincidence because it carries the message of a second chance for all people and since Miracles Second Chance was born during a thunderstorm, Shallow believes that the destruction of evil is near (Shallow, David cited in Schwartz, Stephanie 2006). For the Native Americans, the birth of a white buffalo is the showtime point of the healing process, a symbol of hope for the poorest people of the American nation (Kagrie, Sarah).After Miracle and Miracles Second Chance, there were still born white buffalo calves named White Cloud (July 10, 1996, a two-year-old represent in South Dakota), Medicine Wheel (May 09, 1996) and Rainbow (April 27, 1996). From here, let us further consider one great prophecy by the Lakota When four white buffalo have been born, then the old ways will return and the earth will be saved. White B uffalo Woman herself, in the myth, promises to return at the end. From Miracle (1994) to White Cloud, Medicine Wheel and Rainbow (1996), there have been four white buffalos born. The prophecy, if we are to examine has already been fulfilled even before Miracles Second Chance was born in 2005. What changes, as buyback suggests, have happened since then are still unclear.Like the White Buffalo, the Red Heifer is also highly regarded by the Jewish culture as sacred and symbolic. Although twain the animals came from one family, one can notice that the there are physical differences in these animals that also mark the differences in their symbols to the two cultures. First, their color as Lakota culture regarded white as sacred and holy while the Jewish culture still consider the red heifer holy and sacred patronage its being literally red.Another thing is that white buffalo in the culture of Lakota is not allowed to be hunted (their near extinction seem to be the contrary) while the R ed Heifer is literally being killed as a holy sacrifice to God of the Jews. Genetically speaking, a White Buffalo is frail, since its white color is due to its being albino while the Jews chose the unblemished, healthy and young rd heifer in order to make the sacrifice pleasing unto the Lord.The ritual of the Red Heifer is Biblical, that is, it is contained or written in the Bible, in the Torah (in the hatful called 1Chukat), particularly in the book of Numbers, Chapter 19. The description of the ritual being conducted when the red heifer is being offered is clear and special(prenominal) in the book of Numbers.It is the ritual slaughter of a red cow with no blemish, and the burning of the cow together with cedar wood, hyssop, and red thread. The ashes of this cow are mixed with water and used as part of a seven-day ritual to purify those members of the community who have come in contact with death.It was said that the water to which the ash of the cow have been mixed is the Water of Impurity or what the Jews called, mei nidah (Hammer, Jill). Those who are being sprinkled with such water will become pure while those who have administered in the water will become alloyed, a process which suggests that the ash of the red heifer makes the impure pure and the pure impure (J. Hammer). In other accounts, the water mixed with ashes is being drunk by sinners for the purpose of redemption (Reb Yakov Leib HaKohain). Before we come to grasp the real meaning or symbol of the heifer, it is first important that we will be equal to(p) to have a background on how does the offering of the red heifer originated.As quick answer, the ritual of the red heifer came from the Jewish tradition of offering in the tabernacle of Solomon In the days of the Temple, all who entered it had to be made spiritually clean by being sprinkled with a substance whose main ingredient came from the ashes of a red heifer burned in its third year (Bronner, Etan 1997). The Temple of Solomon is consid ered to be the center of the Jewish life despite its destruction by the Romans according to Bronner. For the Jews, the Temple serves as the direct link between the chosen people and God (E. Bronner 1997). This might have been the reason why the significance of the red heifer, as a sacrificial animal in the tabernacle days, still holds relevance in the life of the Jewish people.Going back to the red heifer itself, the red cow represents a change agent (J. Hammer). Consider the cycle of making the impure pure and the pure as impure through the sprinkling of the water with the ashes of the red heifer. If we are to near look into the process, we can say that the red heifer, though it has been reduced to ashes, served as an agent that allows somebody to change.In the words of Hammer, the red heifer brings life into death and allows death to return to life. Who else can make something change as bringing life to death and the other way around? God alone and God is Divine. If the red heife r symbolizes this cycle of change, then the Red Heifer is the symbol of the Divine and therefore, God. It is also important to note that in the Jewish tradition, all the sacraments and religious rituals are done exclusively by the Levites, the family of priests. Having such, the Levites are the ones who act as humanness who are part of the cycle of mortality and fertility, but who also touch the eternal (J. Hammer).For the Jewish people, even the destruction of the temple, its rebuilding and its final destruction also have something to do with the Red Heifer. The destruction of the temple is regarded by the Chosen People as a symbol of the recreation of their religious life (E. Bronner). permit us remember that the history of the people of Israel have come a long way from being fruitful descendants of Abraham and Jacob, to being slaves in Egypt, liberated by Moses and were promised to have the Land of Canaan.These people have come through their ups and downs all because of their s tubbornness. They always go back to their usual sin of polytheism and of worshipping other gods other than Yahweh. Based on these facts, it is not surprising that these people held religious or spiritual rebirth actually important. They recognized their need to cleanse their spiritual lives and their need for a Savior. For the Jews, the Red Heifer and its ashes are the prefiguration of the coming Redeemer, the Messiah they have been waiting for (Reb Yakov Leib HaKohain).There few good reasons why the Red Heifer is a sacred symbolic not only for the Jews but also for those who are into the religion of Christianity. Although the Red Heifer only serve as symbol, as opposed to the White Buffalo which birth is believed to be an omen, it embraces realities of humans spiritual life. First, the realities of life and death teach the Jews to exert much effort in making and keeping themselves clean and pure before the eyes of the Lord. This is the only way they believe they can get into the H ouse of God. This belief is evident in the modern Jewish custom of washing their hands in a bowl of water at their doorsteps after they came from the graveyard (J.Hammer).After having the origin and symbols of the White Buffalo and the Red Heifer, it is also important that we have them compared in order to examine which one is symbolically prodigious unto this day. In his commentary, David milfoil sees evident and significant similarities in the two animals. First, the White Buffalo and the Red Heifer are both females and both represents fertility, health, hope and abundance. Second, both symbolize the need to live a sacred, holy life in order for human beings to be pleasing or creditable in the eyes of God.Third, both represent changes in the cycle of life and recognize the reality of death, that is, spiritual death in order to be spiritually born again. Fourth, they both recognizes the presence of the Supreme Power and allow that Sacred Entity to rule over the lives of the peo ple. This reality establishes the presence of the link between God as the Creator and humans as creatures. Lastly, both had kept the believers of the culture and the legend waiting-for the redeemer who will bring good tidings to those who are physically and spiritually afflicted.There is however realities in the White Buffalo that somehow made me prefer to believe in the symbolic significance of the Red Heifer. Consider that the biological existence of the White Buffalo is inherently rare. This is because a white buffalo is born albino which gives it its white color. This means that white buffalo is actually an expression of unhealthy birth because albinos do have genetic disorder which make them different from the rest of the specie. Consider also that being unhealthy, white buffaloes do not usually live long as in the effort of White Cloud and Rainbow although Miracle lived ten years.With these realities therefore, I can say that the birth of a white buffalo should not be seen as an omen. In fact, the Lakota prophesy of having four born white buffalo after which will mark the near coming of the near end cannot be held solidly true. There have been more than four white calves born around the world and yet the prophecy seemed unfilled so far. Another thing is that the first well-known white buffalo, Miracle, have turned blonde as she grew old.In the case of the Red Heifer I can see that the Jewish culture regard the animal as purely symbolic. Compare to the white buffalo, the red heifer is a common animal in the Jewish culture, although the poor people during the Biblical times cannot afford to sacrifice one. Anther thing is that not all red heifers can be sacrificed because only the female and unblemished and is under 18 months old can be worthy to be sacrificed.There is nothing held miraculous in the birth of the red heifer and thus it poses no significant marker of a time. Unlike the white buffalo, the red heifer does not say something about the near futur e. This is particularly important in the spiritual lives of the people. Without the red heifer saying something about the future, the Jewish people are encourage to keep their lives sacred at any point of their lives because of the uncertainty of the time when the Redeemer will come. I believe that the Red Heifer is more significant today than the white buffalo. Because it recognizes the realities of life and death and the need to collapse mans life to God, the Red Heifer embraces all cultures, even those who do not literally believe in God. This is because the red heifer reminds us that human beings are mortals and that as spiritual beings, we are in need of also dying from our sinful lives to give way to our spiritual rebirth. Let me borrow the words of David Yarrow, in his analysis of the symbols and implications of the white buffalo and the red heifer in our lives While white buffalo and red heifer auspicate time to build a Temple, the only way to build a true new Temple on the Mount is to follow the Peacemakers instructions bury the hatchet, plant a tree and unite.A shrine in Jerusalem must not be just for Jews and Israel, but of, by and for all the peoples of the shopping center Eastand the Westall the Earth (Yarrow, David). Yarrow stressed that both animals pose a great challenge for all human beings to share our earthly gifts as custodians of Gods blessings unto the earth. There should only be just one thing for us to do. Whether we believe in the White Buffalo or the Red Heifer, the existence of our one Creator should be enough to unite all the cultures of the world. Yarrow concluded, amity needs all things in natural balanceincluding the power of masculine and feminine in church, culture and government (Yarrow, David).WORKS CITEDBronner, Etan. Portent in a Pasture? The Boston Globe. April 16, 1997. Retrieved on October 26, 2007 from http//www.championtrees.org/yarrow/holycows.htmHammer, Jill. The Red Heifer and the Cycle of Life and Death. Ret rieved on October 26, 2007 from http//telshemesh.org/earth/the_red_heifer_and_the_cycle_of_life_and_death.htmlJohn Fire Lame Deer (1967). White Buffalo Calf Woman Brings the First Pipe. Retrieved on October 26, 2007 from http//www.kstrom.net/isk/arvol/lamedeer.htmlKagrise, Sarah (2005). Native American history the legend and importance of the white buffalo. November 28, 2005. Retrieved on October 26, 2007 from http//media.www.rwcactivist.com/media/storage/paper248/news/2005/11/28/Features/Native.American.History.The.Legend.And.Importance.Of.The.White.Buffalo-1048409.shtmlMenagerie, Steves. This is a White Bison. Retrieved on October 26, 2007 from http//users.aristotle.net/swarmack/bison.html2Native American Myths. The White Buffalo Woman. Retrieved on October 26, 2007 from http//www.livingmyths.com/Native.htmReb Yakov Leib HaKohain. Zabbatai Zevi and the Mystery of the Red Heifer. Retrieved on October 26, 2007 from http//www.donmeh-west.com/redheifer.shtmlSchwartz, Stephanie (2006). Lakota Spiritual LeaderOn Wisconsin White Buffalo Calf. Retrieved on October 26, 2007 from http//www.rense.com/general73/whitebuf.htm1White Buffalo. Retrieved on October 26, 2007 from http//www.native-languages.org/composition/white-buffalo.htmlYarrow, David. Holy Cows The Unity of Biology and Ecology with Spirit. A Commentary. Retrieved on October 26, 2007 from http//www.championtrees.org/yarrow/holycows.htm

The Border Fence Essay Example for Free

The Border Fence EssayIn the judge The Fence of Lies the author Mario Vargas Llosas thesis is that the border compete between Mexico and the United States is a bad idea and a waste of taxpayers money. Some of the main points he uses to strengthen his argument ar that it is purely a political ploy to get officials re-elected, that the besiege is far too dear(p) and the construction will neer happen, and the money should be spent elsewhere. In addition, we should allow immigrants an open room access policy into our coun strain because of the immense contribution they make to our economy and that they atomic number 18 willing to do the lines that well-nigh the Statesns will non. Vargas Llosas most compelling argument is that the get by will do nothing at all to stop the flow of illegal immigrants into this country and the environmental impact it will rich person.Although, the Author brings up some valid points, I think that in that location are some definite weaknesse s in his asseverate as well as issues that he did not even mention. Even though I am in favor of the fence, I feel that he could corroborate done a give job convincing readers of his point had he focused on why the fence will not re ca-ca and the environmental impact it will have, instead of confusing the matter with whether or not immigration is moral.Vargas Llosa begins his essay with the statement that the proposal of this fence is purely a theatrical show because on 7 November, there will be elections to renew the House of Representatives and part of Congress and that even if the bill passes they will never establish it (2). As to the question of if will be put up, we know now that the fence is virtually completely erected. in-migration was a hot political topic at the time and still is I am sure that the politicians considered this, as it was a valid idea to control the border. In every poll, that I can find, the major(ip)ity of Americans are for tougher border patrol, e ven spate who are for giving these immigrants a room to citizenship.One of the main points the author makes is that these are hardworking peoplewho are just trying to prepare better opportunities for themselves and their families by coming to this Land of Opportunity, taking jobs that Americans are unwilling to do, and that we should not impede them of that chance. He uses an example of this char Emerita, who emigrated from Guatemala and started up a housecleaning business, through hard work and persistence, is making $96,000 dollars a year. He does not say if she is legal now, but uses this as a generalization of the type of people we are denying into our country by not having an open border.I do not believe that this woman portrays the average migrant worker in our country. approximately work for less than minimum wage, have no benefits, and do not pay taxes, which are the main reasons Americans are unwilling to work those jobs, not because they are afraid of hard work as Var gas Llosa implies. In addition, he does not mention the gunrunners, drug smugglers and possible terrorists who would all have free access in or out of our country as well. Immigration into our country is a privilege for these people not a right, so why should we, as Americans, not have the right to be selective about who we let in?As an alternative to this point, Vargas Llosa states that if we entreat to stop this flow of people into our country then we should use that 6 billion (1) dollars to create jobs and try to stimulate opportunities south of the border. This statement is a bit of a stretch considering that the U.S. went into a recession before long after the writing of this essay and our unemployment surged to oer 10%. First, I know $6 bn is a piling of money, but how many jobs can it possibly create when you are talking about 21 countries in Latin America? Where do we even begin to help and is it really our problem? Why should the taxpayers of the America be responsible for an undertaking of that size and is it even possible? I think these are well-founded questions to ask oneself and if looked at logically will find this a ridiculous proposal that has no validity. other argument Vargas Llosa made, that if, by some miracle, it is built, it will serve for absolutely nothing (1).He also says in the conclusion of his essay that the cement monstrosity would soon be as full of holes as Swiss cheese (11) saying that the fence would not even obstruct migrants determined to get across. He makes a point of saying that the fence would only c over a portion of the border, leaving 1200 miles of open limit through which peoplecould easily pass over. Well, that is true, however, in those areas where there is not any fence, there are natural obstacles such as large, desolate stretches of desert or mountains with no cities close by to number refuge. All of the major ports of entry are included in the fenced area, which provides at least a admit obstacle when it comes to illegal crossing. As for the damaging alterations that will happen over time, such as, holes cut into it, sensors could be added in the ground and or in the fence, plus routine patrols done for visual inspection. To say that the fence would do absolutely nothing is much too definitive in my opinion. He would have had better effect on me had he developed more along the lines of, the benefits of the fence are minimal since it does not even cover the whole border and then used some specific, compelling details to sticker that up. Lastly, the most valid point the author makes is one in which he developed the least. The environmental impacts this fence would have on the native communities grazing and farm priming, certain species migration and feeding patterns, and on the conservation land it cuts through.The amount of time spent to study the impacts on the wetlands of the Rio Grande valley and the several endangered species that inhabit the affected area was much too shor t to make any scientific judgments. Not to mention the effects the actual construction process will have on these species and areas. There are several Wildlife Refuges and Audubon Sanctuaries where the fence is slated to cross. I think that if Vargas Llosa would have spent more time developing these ideas with good solid facts, it would have appealed my emotional senses much more than the story of Emerita whom seemingly had nothing to do with whether or not we should build fence.The environmental costs of this project seem heavy, are ones not easily reversed. Politics may have played a factor here, as the reason for the inadequate amount of research involved find the environmental effects the fence will have. In conclusion, I have covered most of the major points that Vargas Llosa presented in his essay, pointed out the weaknesses in his argument and ways in which he could have strengthened it. Most of the points he focused on had to do with immigration instead of issues related d irectly with the fence.Had he focused more on the actual impacts of the fence it would have been a much more compelling case. I do not think that immigration is bad, as long as there is control over it. If the border fence can help our officialsto gain at least some control over who and what is actually coming into and out of our country than it should prove to be a valuable tool to create better immigration policies and eliminate the unwanted elements associated with it.(6) The Environmental Impacts of the Border Wall Between Texas and Mexico Lindsay Eriksson1 and Melinda Taylor2

Canterville Ghost Summary Essay Example for Free

Canterville Ghost Summary EssayThe a stillting morning, when the Otis family met at breakfast, they discussed the frequent at some length. The United States Minister was by nature a petty(a) annoyed to find that his present had not been accepted. I have no wish, he tell, to do the ghost any personal injury, and I must say that, considering the length of time he has been in the house, I dont think it is at all polite to throw pillows at him,a very beneficial remark, at which, I am sorry to say, the twins burst into shouts of laughter. Upon the other hand, he continued, if he really declines to use the acclivity Sun Lubricator, we shall have to take his chains from him. It would be quite impossible to sleep, with such a upset going on outside the bedrooms.For the rest of the week, however, they were un pale, the only thing that excited any attention beingness the continual renewal of the blood-stain on the library floor. This certainly was very strange, as the door was always locked at night by Mr. Otis, and the windows kept closely barred. The chameleon- standardized colour, also, of the stain excited a good regale of comment. slightly mornings it was a dull (al nigh Indian) red, then it would be vermilion, then a rich purple, and once when they came down for family prayers, correspond to the simple rites of the Free American Re resileed Episcopalian Church, they effect it a bright emerald-green. These kaleidoscopic changes naturally amused the party very much, and bets on the subject were freely generate both evening. The only person who did not enter into the joke was little Virginia, who, for some unexplained reason, was always a good deal distressed at the gage of the blood-stain, and very nearly cried the morning it was emerald-green.The second appearance of the ghost was on Sunday night. Shortly subsequently they had g wiz to bed they were suddenly alarmed by a grand crash in the hall. Rushing down-stairs, they found that a large s uit of old armour had receive detached from its stand, and had go on the stone floor, spot seated in a high-backed direct was the Canterville ghost, rubbing his knees with an expression of acute agony on his face. The twins, having brought their pea-shooters with them, at once discharged two pellets on him, with that accuracy of aim which can only be attained by long and careful usage on a writing-master, while the United States Minister covered him with his revolver, and called upon him, in accordance with Californian etiquette, to move over up his hands The ghost started up with a wild shriek of rage, and swept through them like a mist, extinguishing Washington Otiss candle as he passed, and so leaving them all in total darkness.On reaching the top of the staircase he recovered himself, and placed to give his renowned peal of demoniac laughter. This he had on more than one occasion found extremely useful. It was said to have turned manufacturer Rakers wig grey in a singl e night, and had certainly do three of Lady Cantervilles French governesses give warning before their month was up. He accordingly laughed his most horrible laugh, till the old vaulted roof rang and rang again, but hardly had the fearful echo died onward when a door opened, and Mrs. Otis came out in a light blue dressing-gown. I am afraid you are far from well, she said, and have brought you a bottle of Doctor Dobells tincture.If it is indigestion, you will find it a most excellent remedy. The ghost glared at her in fury, and began at once to make preparations for turning himself into a large black dog, an accomplishment for which he was justly renowned, and to which the family doctor always attributed the permanent idiocy of Lord Cantervilles uncle, the Hon. Thomas Horton. The sound of approaching footsteps, however, made him hesitate in his fell purpose, so he convenient himself with becoming faintly phosphorescent, and vanished with a deep churchyard groan, just as the twins h ad come up to him.On reaching his room he simply broke down, and became a prey to the most knockdown-dragout agitation. The vulgarity of the twins, and the gross materialism of Mrs. Otis, were naturally extremely annoying, but what really distressed him most was that he had been unable to wear the suit of mail. He had hoped that even modern Americans would be thrilled by the sight of a Spectre in armour, if for no more sensible reason, at least out of approve for their natural poet Longfellow, over whose graceful and attractive poetry he himself had whiled away many a weary hour when the Cantervilles were up in town. Besides it was his own suit. He had worn it with great success at the Kenilworth tournament, and had been highly complimented on it by no less a person than the Virgin Queen herself. unless when he had put it on, he had been completely overpowered by the weight of the huge breastplate and steel casque, and had fallen heavily on the stone pavement, barking both his knees severely, and bruising the knuckles of his right hand.For some days after this he was extremely ill, and hardly stirred out of his room at all, except to keep the blood-stain in proper repair. However, by taking great care of himself, he recovered, and resolved to make a ternary attempt to frighten the United States Minister and his family. He selected Friday, August 17th, for his appearance, and spent most of that day in looking over his wardrobe, ultimately deciding in favour of a large slouched hat with a red feather, a winding-sheet frilled at the wrists and neck, and a hoar dagger. Towards evening a red-faced storm of rain came on, and the wind was so high that all the windows and doors in the old house shake and rattled. In fact, it was just such weather as he loved. His plan of action was this. He was to make his way quietly to Washington Otiss room, gibber at him from the foot of the bed, and stab himself three times in the throat to the sound of low music.He bore W ashington a special grudge, being quite aware that it was he who was in the habit of removing the famous Canterville blood-stain by means of Pinkertons Paragon Detergent. Having reduced the reckless and foolhardy youth to a condition of abject terror, he was then to proceed to the room busy by the United States Minister and his married woman, and there to place a clammy hand on Mrs. Otiss fore foreman, while he hissed into her trembling husbands ear the grievous secrets of the charnel-house. With regard to little Virginia, he had not quite made up his mind. She had never insulted him in any way, and was pretty and gentle. A few hollow groans from the wardrobe, he thought, would be more than sufficient, or, if that failed to wake her, he efficiency grabble at the counterpane with palsy-twitching fingers.As for the twins, he was quite determined to teach them a lesson. The first thing to be done was, of course, to sit upon their chests, so as to convey the stifling sensation of n ightmare. Then, as their beds were quite close to each other, to stand between them in the form of a green, icy-cold corpse, till they became paralyzed with fear, and finally, to throw off the winding-sheet, and crawl attack the room, with white, bleached bones and one rolling eyeball, in the character of Dumb Daniel, or the Suicides Skeleton, a _rle_ in which he had on more than one occasion produced a great effect, and which he considered quite equal to his famous part of Martin the Maniac, or the Masked Mystery.At half-past ten he heard the family going to bed. For some time he was disturbed by wild shrieks of laughter from the twins, who, with the light-hearted gaiety of schoolboys, were evidently amusing themselves before they retired to rest, but at a quarter-past eleven all was still, and, as midnight sounded, he sallied forth. The owl beat against the window-panes, the raven croaked from the old yew-tree, and the wind wandered moaning round the house like a lost soul but th e Otis family slept unconscious of their doom, and high above the rain and storm he could hear the steady snoring of the Minister for the United States. He stepped stealthily out of the wainscoting, with an evil smile on his cruel, wrinkled mouth, and the moon hid her face in a overcast as he stole past the great oriel window, where his own arms and those of his murdered wife were blazoned in azure and gold. On and on he glided, like an evil shadow, the very darkness apparent to l execratione him as he passed.Once he thought he heard something call, and stopped but it was only the baying of a dog from the Red Farm, and he went on, muttering strange sixteenth-century curses, and ever and anon brandishing the rusty dagger in the midnight air. Finally he reached the control of the passage that led to luckless Washingtons room. For a act he paused there, the wind blowing his long grey locks about his head, and twisting into grotesque and fantastic folds the nameless horror of the d ead mans shroud. Then the clock struck the quarter, and he felt the time was come. He chuckled to himself, and turned the corner but no sooner had he done so than, with a piteous wail of terror, he fell back, and hid his blanched face in his long, bony hands. Right in front of him was standing a horrible spectre, motionless as a carven image, and monstrous as a madmans dream Its head was bald and burnished its face round, and fat, and white and hideous laughter seemed to have writhed its features into an eternal grin.From the look streamed rays of scarlet light, the mouth was a wide well of fire, and a hideous garment, like to his own, swathed with its silent snows the giant form. On its breast was a placard with strange writing in antique characters, some volute of shame it seemed, some record of wild sins, some awful calendar of crime, and, with its right hand, it bore aloft a falchion of gleaming steel. Never having seen a ghost before, he naturally was terribly frightened, an d, after a second hasty glance at the awful phantom, he fled back to his room, tripping up in his long winding-sheet as he sped down the corridor, and finally dropping the rusty dagger into the Ministers jack-boots, where it was found in the morning by the butler. Once in the privacy of his own apartment, he flung himself down on a small pallet-bed, and hid his face under the clothes. After a time, however, the brave old Canterville spirit assert itself, and he determined to go and speak to the other ghost as soon as it was daylight.Accordingly, just as the dawn was touching the hills with silver, he returned towards the spot where he had first laid eyes on the grisly phantom, feeling that, after all, two ghosts were better than one, and that, by the aid of his new friend, he might safely grapple with the twins. On reaching the spot, however, a terrible sight met his gaze. Something had evidently happened to the spectre, for the light had entirely faded from its hollow eyes, the gle aming falchion had fallen from its hand, and it was leaning up against the wall in a labour and uncomfortable attitude. He rushed forward and seized it in his arms, when, to his horror, the head slipped off and rolled on the floor, the soundbox assumed a recumbent posture, and he found himself clasping a white dimity bed-curtain, with a sweeping-brush, a kitchen cleaver, and a hollow turnip lying at his feet Unable to understand this curiousThe whole thing flashed crossways him. He had been tricked, foiled, and out-witted The old Canterville look came into his eyes he ground his toothless gums together and, raising his withered hands high above his head, swore according to the picturesque phraseology of the antique school, that, when Chanticleer had sounded twice his merry horn, whole kit of blood would be wrought, and murder walk abroad with silent feet. Hardly had he finished this awful oath when, from the red-tiled roof of a distant homestead, a cock crew. He laughed a long, low, bitter laugh, and waited. hour after hour he waited, but the cock, for some strange reason, did not boast again.Finally, at half-past seven, the reach of the housemaids made him give up his fearful vigil, and he stalked back to his room, thinking of his vain oath and baffled purpose. There he consulted several books of ancient chivalry, of which he was exceedingly fond, and found that, on every occasion on which this oath had been used, Chanticleer had always crowed a second time. Perdition seize the naughty fowl, he muttered, I have seen the day when, with my stout spear, I would have run him through the gorge, and made him crow for me an twere in death He then retired to a comfortable lead coffin, and stayed there till evening.

Crime control vs. Due Process Essay Example for Free

Crime witness vs. Due Process EssayThe sorry justice system in the United States has over con gameion and in recent times been developed in two cast systems. The crime misrepresent ensample and referable process representative. The two systems have been squeezeed over time to deal with the spiraling rate of crime. On the one hand conflict and crime control model which other commentators have referred as social reality crime tend to associate the crime on how it is affected by the dynamics that mould the fiats social, economic and political structure. The crime control model works on the assumption that the criminal rightfulness as enacted by parliament and enforced by the police and prosecutors can control crime. This model looks to the legislature as opposed to the courts as its substantiating authority and accepts extensive reliance that legislatures smirch on the criminal sanction. (The new fair play victims rights, Kent Roach). The crime control policy otherwi se termed by Malcolm M Feeley and Jonathan Simon as a new conceit in their article The new penology is neither some punishing nor about rehabilitating individuals.The system is about identifying and managing unruly groups. On the other hand consensus and due process model describes the values that courts have embraced in many of their decisions. The models main purpose is protection of rights of citizens. Due process is like an rampart course, you have to keep going through the legal obstacle to ensure in the end you convict the right person. In crime control model the law enforcement possesses the investigative powers to arrest people for questioning, and this is a lot the fastest way by which to establish the suspect is factually guilty.This model performs the determination of getting the criminal off the street and protects the innocent. The law enforcement leads in this use. In due process model, law enforcement has little role to play. The bulk is performed by the prosecu tion which lays the crime committed by the offender before the court. The courts role is to find the guilt of the offender and ensuring that the offenders rights are safeguarded. In controlling crime, the punitory facilities have an important role to play, the kind of rehabilitating an offender who is released into the participation matters a lot.The correction can as well as play a significant role where offenders who are due to be released are not improve enough to be sent to the unsuspecting members of the public. Malco M. Feeley Jonathan in their new penology document focuses on what role correction can perform. They dwell more on incapacitation which they say promises to reduce the efforts of crime in society not by altering either offender or social context but by rearranging the distribution of offender in the society. If the prison can nothing else, the incapacitation theory hold says that, it can support offender for a time and thus delay their resumption of criminal activity.If such delay is sustain for enough time and enough offenders, siginificant aggregate effects in crime can take place although individual destinies are only marginally altered. The federal application of the crime control has been traditionally say at problems transcending offer boundaries, with maintaining law and order in are subject exclusively to federal legal power or national concern. The 107th congress did enhance authorities of the department of justice (DOJ) and in specific the Federal Bureau of Investigation in dealing with homeland security and anti-terrorism problems which arose from the September 11, 2001 attacks.Included are grow federal law enforcement authority in such areas as wiretapping and related investigative tool to assistance law enforcement official in the war on terrorism e. g. USA Patriot Act. (Jo Anne O Bryant Lis Segheli,congressional search Service update September 11,2002) Congress has been extending federal legal power over crime to a reas once considered to be within conjure and local jurisdiction (e. g. juvenile justice and gun control) and enlarging federal support of verbalise and local efforts to combat crime over last two decades.In general, the federal is trying to adopt crime control by pre-emptively dealing with measures which can enable prevention of crime in a bid to control. In contrast states have areas which they dwell on and some are left to the jurisdiction of the federal government or agencies. For example terrorism laws are federal laws are congress has progress up with laws dealing with terrorism laws and also ways of controlling and safeguarding the boundaries of United States. The local or state jurisdiction has crime control measures within the sphere which does not overstep the mandate of federal agencies.Matters to do with dues process are both for the state and federal. Due process has been a process of the courts and the courts always entrust endeavor to defend their mandate of makin g laws and at the same time protecting existing one. The state and the federal have no option when the courts tend to hold opinion which they legally support. The crime control policy is preemptive in nature. That is to say it seeks to have prevention done in order to control the rate of crime in society. To some extent it is a perfect system to deal with a rate of crime that never comes down.Crime control policy does not have any contrary effect in the societys social, economic state. While on the other hand due process being a court initiated process ensures that the rights are not violated by law enforcement. Due process is offender minded whereas crime control is society minded. It is relatively easier to ascertain the implementation of crime control policy in comparison with due process. The rate of crime in society may fall relatively if the emphasis is laid crime. Opinion from the law enforcement can also be sought in evaluating their performance and what they think about the two policies.The courts also may provide spanking information with regard to due process because they can make the best judgment than law enforcement. Officials in correctional facilities can also provide vital information on the crime control model as they play a large part in implantation of some recommendations. 1. The new law victims rights, Kent Roach. 2. The new penology,Malcom M. Feeley Jonathan Simon 3. Congressional Research Service update sept. 11,2002 ,Jo Anne O Bryant Lisa Segheli

Aung San and Faith Bandler Essay Example for Free

Aung San and Faith Bandler Essay?Today, lack of equality and calmness be prominent issues which shape the world. Such things atomic number 18 butt againstd in Aung San Suu Kyis speech, Keynote denotation at the Beijing World Conference on Women and Faith Bandlers speech, Faith, Hope and Reconciliation by dint of the use of various language devices. The common uses of affective language between the two texts greatly demand the audience as it creates a sense of understanding and unity. For example, ASSK states, The struggle for democracy and human rights in Burma is a struggle for life and dignity. It is a struggle that encompasses our political, social and economic aspirations. the repetitive use of struggle emphasizes the hardships for the heap of Burma and their desire for freedom. It is a struggle for young girls to be driven to sexual slavery where they are put forward to constant humiliation, there is a struggle for freedom, dignity and security. Her use of emotiv e language and repeat enables the audience to sympathise with her and the people of Burma that the causes of these struggles are lack of equality and peace in the world or our global village.Similarly in Faith Bandlers speech, emotive language and repetition are recognised once again to unify the audience and the speaker to create a sense of sympathy which draws upon the theme of inequality and peace. It was a rather slow process for her to understand, when there are millionswho are hungry, millions who are homeless, millions who are without depart, the wrongfully imprisoned, the deaths in custody, the torturedwhy is it so hard to find our commonalities? , Faith stresses the fatuousness of how difficult it is for people to find commonalities with her use of repetition of millions.Its becomes a problem when millions are hungry, homeless and light as it portrays our society as unequal. The rhetorical questions asked throughout her speech such as why is it so hard to find our common alities? and what is rapprochement slightly? state the obvious truths, that it isnt hard to find reconciliation or peace within the world. Faith demonstrates a world of inequality through the use of emotive language and repetition. Suu kyi and Bandlers speeches are effective in connecting to their audience when demonstrating the theme of equality and peace.Both activists demonstrate unity to the audience by using inclusive language and first somebody. For example, as Suu Kyi acknowledges the strong and high-principled women who have lobbied for her release, I cannot let this opportunity pass without speaking of the gratitude we feel towards our sisters everywhere. The use of first person and inclusive language is evident throughout the speech, it illustrates a personal approach to her audience as hearty as clearly portraying her firm views of women. Bandlers speech is overly evident of the use of these devices.By using first person throughout her speech, it indicates her fam iliarity with the audience as she was here once before and also shows that she speaks from a personal experience giving the audience an idea of what she has been through such as her work in campaigning and co founding various companies. In order to move the audience about reconciliation whether its the youth or the not so young, her use of first person and inclusive language connects to the audience. Both ASSK and Bandler bring their audiences together as a whole to look at common issues of the world and better ways to bring peace.

Models of Organized Crime Executive Summary Essay Example for Free

Models of Organized shame Executive succinct EssayThe difference between the patron- leaf node and bureaucratic model is found on who is appointed the leader. The judicature is based on trust and loyalty similar to the family. The main role as a patron-client is to show leading by providing financial assistance and safety for the client. The client returns the favor by acting out unalike duties coming from the patron. The patron-client has the advantage because they are the sole providers for all communication for the client. Income is providing from executing from murders, thefts, frauds and drug trafficking. The patron client dominates a particular location for his organization. The group is also connected with police officers who are specialized in criminal operatives. The bureaucratic model is more focus on setting goals. Bureaucratic have a higher clientele but are selective with who is inducted into their group. All stages come from the boss in ready to execute the next chain of events.The to the highest degree important operation in the business is hierarchy. In lodge for the plan to be successful, all members must full understand their role. This process is crucial for the structure to the organization and the members. The members must be able to carry out the task. If a step was missed by a member, they allow eliminate from the project. The organization piece of assnot afford for their hard work to be flush down the peter out because an associate could not be trusted. Webers and Taylors models of the bureaucratic theory are most effective when used for larger events. Once a plan is started the bureaucratic should be introduced in order to chasten all lines of communication and any rules that were initially set. The patron-client is more decentralized and does not require control over unit members.Parton-clients are more favorable in social networks because there not fully involved with the plan. Bureaucratic model are vulnerable to c opsbecause upper management is stricter. The patron-client provides information for the business line. For instance, the investigator will provide the client information so the whereabouts will not be an issue making the job easier to perform. In conclusion, each model has its expression of criminal cooperation with different socioeconomic conditions and legality enforcement strategies to avoid media attention. Crime groups are broken down into different characteristics. Members of organized crime groups normally attack public officials and law enforcement agents. . Understanding organized crime is important because it gives the government the ability to know how they work so can be bought to a stop.ReferencesConnor, O. (2012). Organized Crime Investigation. Retrieved from http// http//www.drtomoconnor.com/3220lect07a.htm/Mallory, S. (2007). Understanding Organized Crime. Sudbury, MA Jones and Bartlett Publishers

American Immigration History Essay Example for Free

the Statesn in-migration History Essaythe Statesn in-migration narrative can be viewed in four epochs the colonial period, the mid-19th century, the start of the 20th century, and post-1965. Each period brought decided depicted object groups, races and ethnicities to the joined States. During the seventeenth century, approximately 175,000 Englishmen migrated to compound America.11 Over half(prenominal) of all European immigrants to Colonial America during the 17th and 18th centuries arrived as indentured servants.12 The mid-19th century saw mainly an influx from Yankee Europe the early 20th-century mainly from Southern and Eastern Europe post-1965 mostly from Latin America and Asia. Historians hazard that less than one million immigrantsperhaps as few as 400,000crossed the Atlantic during the 17th and 18th centuries.13 The 1790 diddle limited naturalization to free white persons it was expanded to include blacks in the 1860s and Asians in the 1950s.14 In the early long time of the coupled States, in-migration was fewer than 8,000 people a year,15 including French refugees from the slave revolt in Haiti. After 1820, immigration gradually additiond. From 1836 to 1914, over 30 million Europeans migrated to the united States.16The remnant rate on these transatlantic voyages was high, during which one in seven travelers died.17 In 1875, the nation passed its first immigration law, the Page Act of 1875.18 The peak year of European immigration was in 1907, when 1,285,349 persons entered the country.19 By 1910, 13.5 million immigrants were nutriment in the linked States.20 In 1921, the Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act, followed by the Immigration Act of 1924. The 1924 Act was aimed at further restricting the Southern and Eastern Europeans, especially Jews, Italians, and Slavs, who had begun to enter the country in large rime beginning in the 1890s.21 Most of the European refugees fleeing the Nazis and World War II were barred from coming t o the United States.22 Immigration patterns of the 1930s were dominated by the Great Depression, which hit the U.S. hard and lasted over ten years there. In the final prosperous year, 1929, there were 279,678 immigrants recorded,23 plainly in 1933, only 23,068 came to the U.S.13 In the early 1930s, more people emigrated from the United States than to it.24 The U.S. government sponsored a Mexican Repatriation program which was intended to encourage people to voluntarily move to Mexico, but thousands were deported against their will.25 Altogether about 400,000 Mexicans were repatriated.26 In the post-war era, the Justice Departmentlaunched Operation Wetback, under which 1,075,168 Mexicans were deported in 1954.27 First, our cities will not be flooded with a million immigrants yearbookly. Under the proposed bill, the present level of immigration remains substantially the same. Secondly, the ethnic mix of this country will not be upset.Contrary to the charges in some quarters, the bi ll will not inundate America with immigrants from any one country or area, or the most populated and deprived nations of Africa and Asia. In the final analysis, the ethnic pattern of immigration under the proposed tax is not expected to change as sharply as the critics seem to think. Ted Kennedy, chief Senate sponsor of the Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965.28 The Immigration and Nationality Act of 1965, in like manner known as the Hart-Cellar Act, abolished the dust of national-origin quotas. By equalizing immigration policies, the take on resulted in new-fangled immigration from non-European nations, which changed the ethnic make-up of the United States.29 While European immigrants accounted for roughly 60% of the total foreign population in 1970, they accounted for only 15% in 2000.30 Immigration doubled amidst 1965 and 1970, and again betwixt 1970 and 1990.31 In 1990, George H. W. Bush signed the Immigration Act of 1990,32 which increased legal immigration to the United States by 40%.33 Appointed by Bill Clinton,34 the U.S. Com agency on Immigration improve recommended reducing legal immigration from about 800,000 people per year to approximately 550,000.35While an influx of new residents from different cultures presents some challenges, the United States has always been energized by its immigrant populations, said professorship Bill Clinton in 1998. America has constantly drawn strength and spirit from wave after wave of immigrants They hand proved to be the most rest little, the most adventurous, the most innovative, the most industrious of people.36 An analysis of census data found that nearly eight million immigrants entered the United States from 2000 to 2005, more than in any former(a) five-year period in the nations bill 3.7 million of them entered without papers.3738 Since 1986 Congress has passed seven amnesties for undocumented immigrants.39 In 1986 president Ronald Reagan signed immigration reform that gave absolution to 3 m illion undocumented immigrants in the country.40 Hispanic immigrants were among the first victims of the late-2000s recession,41 but since the recessions end in June 2009,immigrants affix a net gain of 656,000 jobs.42 Over 1 million immigrants were granted legal residence in 2011. -Contemporary immigrationUntil the 1930s most legal immigrants were male. By the 1990s women accounted for just over half of all legal immigrants.46Contemporary immigrants tend to be younger than the native population of the United States, with people between the ages of 15 and 34 substantially overrepresented.47 Immigrants are also more likely to be married and less likely to be divorced than native-born Americans of the same age.48 Immigrants are likely to move to and live in areas populated by people with similar backgrounds. This phenomenon has held true throughout the history of immigration to the United States.49 septette out of ten immigrants surveyed by Public agendum in 2009 said they intended to make the U.S. their constant home, and 71% said if they could do it over again they would still come to the US. In the same study, 76% of immigrants say the government has become stricter on enforcing immigration laws since the September 11, 2001 attacks (9/11), and 24% report that they personally absorb experienced some or a great bundle of discrimination.50 Public attitudes about immigration in the U.S. were heavily influenced in the aftermath of the 9/11 attacks.After the attacks, 52% of Americans believed that immigration was a sober thing overall for the U.S., down from 62% the year before, according to a 2009 Gallup poll.51 A 2008 Public Agenda survey found that half of Americans said tighter controls on immigration would do a great deal to enhance U.S. national security.52 Harvard political scientist and historian Samuel P. Huntington argued in Who Are We? The Challenges to Americas National Identity that a likely future consequence of continuing massive immigration f rom Latin America, especially Mexico, might lead to the bifur cronkion of the United States. The population of illegal Mexican immigrants in the US fell from approximately 7 million in 2007 to 6.1 million in 2011 53 Commentators link the reversal of the immigration trend to the economic downturn that started in 2008 and which meant fewer available jobs, and to the introduction of tough immigration laws in many states.54555657 According to the pew Hispanic contract the totalnumber of Mexican born persons had stagnated in 2010, and tended toward going into negative figures.58 More than 80 cities in the United States,59 including Washington D.C., juvenile York City, Los Angeles, Chicago, San Francisco, San Diego,San Jose, Salt Lake City, Phoenix, Dallas, Fort Worth, Houston, Detroit, Jersey City, Minneapolis, Miami, Denver, Baltimore, Seattle,Portland, Oregon and Portland, Maine, have sanctuary policies, which transfigure locally.60-Effects of immigrationDemographicsThe Census Bure au estimates the US population will grow from 281 million in 2000 to 397 million in 2050 with immigration, but only to 328 million with no immigration.77 A new report from the Pew Research Center projects that by 2050, non-Hispanic whites will account for 47% of the population, down from the 2005 figure of 67%.78 Non-Hispanic whites make up 85% of the population in 1960.79 It also foresees the Hispanic population rising from 14% in 2005 to 29% by 2050.80 The Asian population is expected to more than triple by 2050. Overall, the population of the United States is due to rise from 296 million in 2005 to 438 million in 2050, with 82% of the increase from immigrants.81 In 35 of the countrys 50 largest cities, non-Hispanic whites were at the last census or are predicted to be in the minority.82 In calcium, non-Hispanic whites slipped from 80% of the states population in 1970 to 42.3% in 2008.8384 Immigrant separatism declined in the first half of the century, but has been rising over the past few ten-spots.This has caused questioning of the correctness of describing the United States as a melting pot. One account statement is that groups with lower socioeconomic status concentrate in more densely populated area that have access to public transit while groups with higher socioeconomic status move to suburban areas. an separate(prenominal) is that some recent immigrant groups are more culturally and linguistically different than earlier group and like to live together due to factors such as communication costs.85 Another explanation for increased segregation is white flight.86The lesson of these 236 years is clear immigration makes America stronger.Immigration makes us more prosperous. And immigration positions America to lead in the 21st century. President Obama, July 4, 2012A stronger GDP means a better bill of living for Americans.Immigrants start small businesses.Immigrant-owned businesses create jobs for American workers.Immigrants boost demand for local co nsumer goods. More than 40 percent of Fortune 500 companies were founded by immigrants or a child of immigrants. According to thePartnership for a revolutionary American Economy these companies employ more than 10 million people worldwide and generate annual revenue of $4.2 trillion. Immigrants innovate as scientists and engineers.Immigrants develop cutting-edge technologies and companies.Immigrant scientist and engineers positively impact wages.Fixing our broken immigration trunk is critical to bilateral trade and U.S. exports. Fixing our broken immigration system will help increase international travel and tourism to America.mericas immigration system is broken. Too many employers game the system by hiring undocumented workers and there are 11 million people living in the shadows. incomplete is good for the economy or the country. Together we can build a fair, effective and common ace immigration system that lives up to our heritage as a nation of laws and a nation of immigran ts. The Presidents plan builds a smart, effective immigration system that continues efforts to secure our borders and cracks down on employers who acquire undocumented immigrants. Its a plan that requires anyone whos undocumented to get right with the law by paying their taxes and a penalty, learning English, and undergoing background checks before they can be eligible to earn citizenship. It requires all business and every worker to play by the same set of rules. The Know Nothing effort was an American political movement that operated on a national basis during the mid 1850s.It promised to purify American politics by limiting or ending the influence of Irish Catholics and other immigrants, thus reflecting nativismand anti-Catholic sentiment. It was charge by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by German and Irish Catholicimmigrants, whom they saw as foreign to republican values and controlled by the pope in Rome. Mainly active from 1854 to 1856, it strove to c urb immigration and naturalization, but met withlittle success. Membership was limited to Protestant males. There were few prominent leaders, and the largely middle-class membership fragmented over the issue of slavery. The most prominent leaders were ex-President Millard Fillmore (the partys presidential nominee in 1856), mammy Congressman Nathaniel P. Banks,1 and former congressman Lewis C. Levin. SocialIrish immigration was opposed in the 1850s by the nativistic Know Nothing movement, originating in New York in 1843. It was engendered by popular fears that the country was being overwhelmed by Irish Catholic immigrants. In 1891, a lynch mob stormed a local jail and hanged several(prenominal) Italians following the acquittal of several Sicilian immigrants alleged to be involved in the murder of New Orleans police chief David Hennessy. The Congress passed the Emergency Quota Act in 1921, followed by the Immigration Act of 1924. The Immigration Act of 1924 was aimed at limiting imm igration overall, and making sure that the nationalities of new arrivals matched the overall national profile. After the September 11 attacks, many Americans entertained doubts and suspicions about people apparently of Middle-Eastern origins.citation needed NPR in 2010 blast a prominent black commentator, Juan Williams, when he talked publicly about his fears on seeing people refined like Muslims on airplanes.127Racist thinking among and between minority groups does occur128129 examples of this are conflicts between blacks and Korean immigrants,130 notably in the 1992 Los Angeles Riots, and between African Americans and non-white Latino immigrants.131132 There has been a long running racial tension between African American and Mexicanprison gangs, as well as significant riots in California prisons where they have targeted each other, for ethnic reasons.133134 There have been reports of racially motivated attacks against African Americans who have move into neighborhoods occupied mostly by people of Mexican origin, and vice versa.135136 There has also been an increase in violence between non-Hispanic Anglo Americans and Latino immigrants, and between African immigrants and African Americans.137 A 2007 study on culture found that Mexican immigrants are less fluent in English than both non-Mexican Hispanic immigrants and other immigrants. While English blandness increases with time stayed in the United States,although further improvements after the first decade are limited, Mexicans never catch up with non-Mexican Hispanic who never catch up with non-Hispanics. The study also writes that Even among immigrants who came to the United States before they were ve years old and whose entire schooling was in the United States, those Mexican born have average education levels of 11.7 years, whereas those from other countries have average levels of education of 14.1 years. Unlike other immigrants, Mexicans have a tendency to live in communities with many other Mexica ns which decreases incentives for assimilation. Correcting for this removes about half the fluency difference between Mexicans and other immigrants.138 Religious diversityImmigration from South Asia and elsewhere has contributed to enlarging the religious authorship of the United States. Islam in the United States is growing mainly due to immigration. Hinduism in the United States, Buddhism in the United States, and Sikhism in the United States are other examples.139 Since 1992, an estimated 1.7 million Muslims, approximately 1 million Hindus, and approximately 1 million Buddhists have immigrated legally to the United States.Os Imigrantes e as ReligiesA maior religio dos EUA o cristianismo, cerca de 78,4% da populao crist. Tradicionalmente a maioria dos americanos eram majoritariamente protestantes, mas pela primeira vez em 2011 o grupo atingiu porcetagem menor que metade da populao. Ainda assim os americanos continuam sendo de maioria protestante somando 48% ou ainda ma maioria crentes 51% somando afiliaes mrmons. O cristianismo foi introduzidos durante o perodo da colonizao europeia. O cristianismo uma das religies que mais cresce nos EUA. Isto se deve, entre outros fatores, pelo elevado nmero de imigrantes latino-americanos e filipinos que o pas recebe a cada ano. A regio com a maior concentrao de catlicos o Nordeste, que apesar de ter sido colonizada por puritanos, recebeu grande nmero de imigrantes catlicos europeus (principalmente alemes, irlandeses e italianos) a partir da segunda metade do sculo XIX. O Norte, rea de forte influncia da Igreja Batista, por outro lado, a regio com a menor porcentagem de catlicos. OsIngleses, Alemes, Escoceses, Holandeses, Noruegueses entre outros do norte europeu introduziram o Protestantismo, enquanto os franceses, espanhis e irlandeses trouxeram o Catolicismo.Apesar de seu status de religio mais difundida e mais influente nos EUA, o Cristianismo est num declnio relativo contnuo. Quando o nmero absoluto de cristos foi levantado de 1990 a 2001, a porcentagem crist da populao caiu de 88.3% para 79.6%. O Judasmo a quarta maior preferncia religiosa nos EUA. Os judeus atuais esto presentes nos EUA desde o sculo XVII, embora a imigrao em grande escala no tenha ocorrido at o sculo XIX, em maior parte por causa das perseguies na Europa Oriental. O CIA position Book estima que 1% dos americanos pertencem a esse grupo. Aproximadamente 25% dessa populao vive em Nova York. O Budismo entrou nos EUA durante o sculo XIX com a chegada dos primeiros imigrantes da sia Oriental. O primeiro templo budista foi estabelecido em San Francisco em 1853 pelos chineses-americanos.Ao longo do sculo XIX, missionrios budistas do Japo vieram aos EUA. Simultaneamente a estes processos, certos intelectuais dos EUA ficaram interessados pelo budismo. O sculo XX foi caracterizado por uma continuao das tendncias do sculo XIX. A segunda metade, pelo contraste, viu uma emergncia de correntes principais do movimento budista que to rnou-se uma massa e um fenmeno religioso social. Estimativas do nmero de budistas nos Estados Unidos variam de 0.5% a 0.9%. No que diz respeito a histria do Isl nos EUA, ainda que muito pequena, a populao muulmana aumentou extremamente nos ltimos cem anos. Boa parte do crescimento foi por causa da imigrao e pela converso. At um tero dos muulmanos americanos so africanos que se converteram ao Isl durante os ltimos setenta anos.A imigrao muulmana aumentou em 2005, assim como mais pessoas de pases islmicos se tornaram residentes legais permanentes nos EUA do que qualquer ano, nas duas dcadas anteriores. A estimativa de muulmanos nos EUA de 2,35 milhes (0,8% do total da populao). A primeira vez que o Hindusmo entrou nos Estados Unidos no est claramente identificado. No entanto, grandes grupos de hindus emigraram da ndia e de outros pases asiticos desde o Ato pela Imigrao e Nacionalidade de 1965. Durante as dcadas de 1960 e 1970, o fascnio pelo Hindusmo contribuiu para o pensamento New Age. Atualmente, as estimativas de hindus nos Estados Unidos sugerem um nmero de quase 800.000 pessoas, ou cerca de 0.4% do total da populao. A religio hindu est emcrescimento nos Estados Unidos, no s graas a imigrao, mas tambm devido a converso de muitos ocidentais. Place of birth for the foreign-born population in the United States Top ten countries 2010 2000 1990Mexico 11,711,103 9,177,487 4,298,014China 2,166,526 1,518,652 921,070India 1,780,322 1,022,552 450,406Philippines 1,777,588 1,369,070 912,674Vietnam 1,240,542 988,174 543,262El Salvador 1,214,049 817,336 465,433Cuba 1,104,679 872,716 736,971South Korea 1,100,422 864,125 568,397Dominican Republic 879,187 687,677 347,858Guatemala 830,824 480,665 225,739All of Latin America 21,224,087 16,086,974 8,407,837 All Immigrants 39,955,854 31,107,889 19,767,316