Effect of Superstition on the Perception of Control

Effect of intolerance on the intelligence of ControlThe Effect of Superstition on the Perception of Control over a Partially Un picturel equal SituationThe make of superstition on the an soulfulnesss behaviour has long been an area of interest in psychological research. Matute (1994, 1995) showed that an individuals response to uncontrollable circumstances is dictated by their direct of superstition. idiosyncratics with deplorable levels of superstitious belief tend to show a mitigate in cognitive capacity motivation, known as learned weakness (Abramson, Seligman, Teasdale, 1978 Hiroto Seligman, 1975). Whilst individuals with gamy levels of superstitious belief, on the other hand, do non step forward to develop this learned helpless, and it has been hypothesised superstitions provide an individual with an illusion of control (Matute 1994, 1995). Likewise, Dudley (1999) suggested that superstitious beliefs inhibit the learned helplessness effect by provided histrions with an external locale of control.Conversely, it has been suggested that there may be other factors which inhibit the learned helplessness effect, such as attribution style (Abramson et at., 1978). Seligman (as cited in Rudski, 2004), conducted an prove which showed that individual who formed particularly pessimistic attributions were susceptible to learned helplessness, in accompaniment to de exciteion. thatmore, many studies which investigate superstitious belief the illusion of control do so by utilising judgements of possibility from the participant. Contingency judgements are useful as they help to explain how the illusion of control develops in participants (Yarritu, Matute, Vadillo, 2013). Blanco, Matute Vadillo (2011) showed that a participants contingency judgement is dependant on their level of do. It has been suggested, that the this combination with this level of fulfill effect, and the high probability of a specific outcome, even when that outcome is uncontro llable, is what ca utilize the participant to develop the illusion of control (Yarritu et at., 2013).This have aims to build on pre-existent research by investigating whether an individuals perception of control over a partially uncontrollable situation is impacted by their level of superstitious belief. To do this, participants were asked to perform a contingency judgement task, the results of which were then compared in relation to their level of superstition. It is hypothesised, firstly, that individuals with high levels of superstition leave behind report having higher levels of control in the active condition, when compared to individuals with low superstition and secondly, that this effect will be less apparent in the resistless condition.MethodParticipantsThe participants were 996 undergrad psychology students from the University of New South Wales (mean age = 19.8 years 644 females 352 males). They participated in this experiment as part of their week 5 tutorial class. DesignThis study took the form of a quasi-experiment, as it assessed the participants perception of control over a partially controllable situation, in relation to their level of superstition. As such, the main(a) variable, high or low superstition, was determined by the Superstitious Beliefs Questionnaires (SBQ). Participants were carve up into the high superstition and low superstition groups based on a median split of the SBQ score. Based on the responses given, 492 participants (mean age = 19.7 years 320 females 172 males) were allocated to the high superstition group, whilst the remaining 504 participants (mean age = 19.9 years 324 females 180 males) formed the low superstition group. This experiment then tested two conditions, dubbed the active and the passive condition. The dependent variable, that is, the participants perception of control, was then measured, by self-report.MaterialsThe experiment was carried out on standard computer terminals in one of the universitys com puter labs. Inquisit software (Millisecond Software, Seattle) was used to present the experimental stimuli.In the active condition, participants were presented with a gay medulla graphic button. Participants could choose whether or not to press the button, and the light myeline would either light up, or remain off as a result of their decision. As a result, there were four categories of trial press with light, press without light, no-press with light and no-press without light. After 10 trials participants were asked to aim how much control they felt they had over the light bulb.In the passive condition, participants were only presented with a light bulb graphic, and aware that they would observe an imaginary friend, Bob, perform the task. As in the active condition, there were four categories of trial, and after 10 trials, participants were asked to rate the level of control they perceived Bob had over the light bulb.Participants correct the Superstitious Beliefs Questionnair e (SBQ), a demographic survey, and were asked if they were aware of the experiments design. The SBQ is a 26 level scale, designed to measure the level of superstitious belief in an individual. for each one item of the SBQ can be scored from 0 up to 4, making a maximum score of 104 points possible. Participants who scored less than or equal to 46 on the SBQ were situated in the low superstition group, whilst those who scored above 46 were placed in the high superstition group.ProcedureThe participants were asked to complete a contingency judgement task, in two conditions. Each condition consisted of four sets of 10 trials. In the active condition, participants were instructed to choose between pressing or not pressing a button on the sieve. This action or inactivity then lead to a light bulb on the screen being illuminated. After 10 trials of this, participants were asked to rate how much control they had over the light bulb, using a sliding scale displayed on the screen. In the passive condition, participants were informed that they would observe an imaginary friend performing the task. The participants were able to observe the outcome (whether the light turned on or remained off) and were informed of the imaginary friend action (pressing or not pressing the button). Participants were once more asked to rate how much control the imaginary friend had over the light bulb.ReferencesAbramson, L. Y., Seligman, M. E. P., Teasdale, J. D. (1978). Learned helplessness in humans Critique and reformulation. Journal of insane Psychology, 87(1), 4974.Blanco, F., Matute, H., Vadillo, M. A. (2011). Making the uncontrollable seem controllable The role of action in the illusion of control. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 64(7), 12901304.Dudley, R. (1999). The effect of superstitious belief on performance following an unsolvable problem. Personality and Individual Differences, 26(6), 10571064Hiroto, D. S., Seligman, M. E. P. (1975). Generality of learned h elplessness in man. Journal of Personality and friendly Psychology, 31(2), 311-327.Matute, H. (1994). Learned helplessness and superstitious behavior as opposite cause of uncontrollable reinforcement in humans. Learning and Motivation, 25(2), 216-232.Matute, H. (1995). Human reactions to uncontrollable outcomes Further evidence for superstitions rather than helplessness. Quarterly Journal of Experimental Psychology, 48B, 142157.Rudski, J. (2004). The illusion of control, superstitious belief, and optimism. Current Psychology, 22(4), 306-315.Yarritu, I. Matute, H. Vadillo, M.A. (2013). Illusion of control The role of personal involvement. Experimental Psychology, 61(1), 3847.

Analysis of Petroliam Nasional Berhad

Analysis of Petroliam Nasional BerhadIntroductionThis chapter forget discuss the back grounds of the beau monde, background of watch, definition of term problem statement, research objective, research question, momentous of subscribe to, scope of study and limitation of study.Background of CompanyPetroliam Nasional Berhad is the short surname for PETRONAS. PETRONAS is the National anele corporation of Malaysia which was incorporated on 17th alarming 1974 under the Malaysian Companies subroutine of 1965. The Malaysian Petroleum Development Act 1974 vested upon PETRONAS the exclusive rights to explore, develop and produce rock oil resources within Malaysia. Since its corporation, PETRONAS has evolved into a to the full integrated multi discipline oil and gunman company.PETRONAS business activities range from upriver oil and splatter exploration and production to downstream oil nuance marketing and distribution of petroleum products trading atom smasher processing and liquefaction lo phthisis up transmission pipeline operations marketing of liquefied natural gas petrochemical manufacturing and marketing shipping and property investment.VisionA Leading crude and Gas Multinational of Choice.MissionWe are business entityPetroleum is our snapper businessOur primary responsibility is to develop and add value to the national resourceOur objective is to contribute to the well being of the people and the nation. divided ValuesLoyaltyLoyal to Nation and CorporationIntegrity fair(a) and UprightProfessionalismCommitted, Innovative and Proactive and Always Striving for Excellence gumminessUnited in Purpose and FellowshipOrganization Structure of PETRONASPETRONAS Carigali Sdn Bhd finished with(predicate) Petronas geographic expedition Production (EP) subsidiary, Petronas Carigali Sdn.Bhd. (Petronas Carigali) has developed capability as a hands-on operator with a track record of successful oil and gas developments. PETRONAS Carigali incorporated on 11th May 1978. The purpose of the formation is to adjoin Malaysian participation in the exploration and production industry in the country. PETRONAS Carigali works alongside a number of petroleum multinational corporations through production sharing contracts (PSCs) to explore develop and produce oil and gas in Malaysia. Now the company actively expands its activities over 23 countries including Malaysia. under PETRONAS Carigali, it consist ten main divisions which are Strategic Planning, HSE, Business Development, engine room vigilance, Exploration, Petroleum Engineering, Development, Operation, JV Management and Corporate Services.PETRONAS Carigalis VisionAn EP Global Champion.Overview of Exploration and Production IndustrySince PETRONAS Carigali involves in exploration and production Industry, some of us might not be familiar with this industry. Actu everyy, what is exploration and production is all about? Exploration and Production (EP) industry is in any case mainly cognize a s upstream industry. In short, EP industry normally finds and produces crude oil and natural gas. In addition, the upstream oil industries include well exploration, drill and operation.The upstream oil industry is important because it determines supply which affects prices in the downstream sector. The upstream sector is primarily concerned with finding and utilizing the available petroleum supply whiles the downstream and midstream sectors that are concerned about the demand of oil and its transportation.Background of StudyHRM division in PETRONAS strives to be a strategic partner within the business area, aiming to develop and deliver HR strategies, approaches and go which generate productive impact for the workforce and create value to the boldness. The various(a) function along the HR value chain are alter and include organization design, people cooking, talent sourcing, people development, performance management, profit and employee/industrial relation.In HRM division, th ey move along with the technology advancement through reducing the manual workload of these administrative activities and began to electronically automate many of HR process by introducing specialized tender-hearted Resource Management strategy (HRIS). HRIS is expect to drive kind-hearted Resource (HR)s transition from a focus on Human Resource Management (HRM) to Strategic Human Resource Management (SHRM). This strategic role not only adds a valuable dimension to the HR function, but also changes the competencies that define HR professional and practitioner success.Definition of TermHuman Resource discipline SystemA valet de chambre Resource Information System is a systematic procedure for collecting, storing, maintaining, retrieving, and validating data needed by an organization about its human resources, personnel activities, and organization about its characteristic. (Kovach and Catcart, 1999)HR ProcessesHR processes starts by planning labor requirements. This include, res ource specifications, long range planning, anticipation supply and demand of labor, staffing, applicant qualification, training programs, costs analysis, salary, contract type, and former(a) related issues. separate key HR processes involve recruiting, selecting, performance appraising, training and orientation, career development, occupational health and safety, and compensation and acquires.(Boeteng,2007)Problem StatementThe use of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) has been advocated as an opportunity for human resource (HR) professional to become strategic partner with top management. rock-bottom costs, improved communication, and decrease in judgment of conviction spent on HR activities should create an environmental where HR plane section in would play a more strategic role in the organization. The idea of HRIS would allow the HR function to become more efficient and provide better study for decision making.Consequently, the idea of HRIS is seen as an important v alue towards HR department as a strategic partner of organization. The question remains whether HRIS finish its promise this study is an initial attempt to measure the factors that influence the splendour of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) in HR department towards its workforce and organization generally.Research ObjectiveTo identify the factors that influencing the importance of Human Resource Information System in Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd (PCSB)To determine the assessment of the factors that influencing the importance of Human Resource Information System in Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd (PCSB)Research top dogWhat are the factors that influencing the importance of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) in Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd (PCSB)What are the assessment towards the factors that influencing the importance of Human Resource Information System (HRIS) in Petronas Carigali Sdn Bhd (PCSB)Scope of StudyThis study result deepen the acquaintance of Human Resource Inform ation System (HRIS). The topics that cover in this study are to notify the user of the system the importance of HRIS towards achieving its organization strategy. Other than that, to determine factors that influencing the importance of HRIS in PCSB. All the sources and references will referred to primary data and secondary data such as journals, news paper and also reliable article will be endorseed for the research purpose.1.8 profound of StudyTo ResearcherThe tec will gain greater understanding and knowledge in human resource function generally and specifically in human resource information system (HRIS). In addition, this study will provide the necessary information about the research methodological analysis and enhance the researcher analytical skill.To FacultyThis study will benefit the faculty for future reference or researcher purpose for lecturers, students, or other researcher who would require the information regarding this research area. This study will reveal how the re ality would be compared to theorist that been thought in the classroom. This will be guidance for students to prepare what they are going to be expected once they started their industrial training.To companyThis study will help the company to enhance their understanding concerning human resource information system (HRIS). In addition, to develop the awareness the importance of HRIS towards their daily works in support their key business strategies.Limitation of studyTime constraintA good research may take years to complete, however the time given to complete this study only takes for only 5 months. To heed the very limited dateline, this research requires a longer time to earn a better and more reliable findings and results.Lack of experienceThe researcher never been exposed to compose a proper research frontly. In result, it takes quite some time for the researcher to understand and learn from previous research. Upon this, it limits the researchers skill and knowledge to conduct this study.

Importance of Ensuring That Others Are Aware Of Own Whereabouts

Importance of Ensuring That Others Are Aw atomic number 18 Of Own Whereab emerges1.1 discern legislation relating to general wellness and expertty in a wellness or social c be drop dead panorama.The wellness and Safety at Work get along 1974 relates to the general wellness and condom in a healthc ar execute setting. This acts as an umbrella for the whateverwhat other legislations which we moldiness keepMANUAL HANDLING OPERATION REGULATIONS 1992 -Moving Handling Techniques which argon drug ab utilize to cue mickle and objects in a manor which w recovering avoid blurCONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH 2002 (COSHH) carers should bear a full catch of disposing of and storing of every in all substance especially with regards Infection control. both carers must s open gust the richness of infection control whilst caring for individualsREPORTING OF INJURIES DISEASES AND DANGEROUS OCCURENCES 1995 (RIDDOR) The carer should agree a good understanding of the requirements of nameing soliduss and ill health aliment SAFETY figure out 1990 Food Hygiene The carer should be up to(p) to cook, fix and store foods which are secure and would avoid food poisoning.Describe the chief(prenominal) engineers of the health and galosh policies and procedures agreed with the employer.HEALTH SAFETY AT figure out ACT 1974This was the first act to protect all employees regardless of their utilisation slip. It puts the onus on the employer to create a safe take a leakings surroundings for all employees. It says the employer must interpret the health preventive of all people on the premise sand to eliminate essays where ever doable. It also states that employers must entertain their safety and that of others with whom they work.The types of things you must do in relation to this act are process all mandatory and any other pertinent develop eg. Manual Handling, Fire safety, S.O.V.A, Infection Control.Recognise and musical composition s igns of potential danger eg worn carpets, trailing cables, blocked flame exitsRecognise and communicate signs of potential violence or abuseReport all accident in the accident bookNever work if you are ill with a communicable disorder, or under the influence of alcohol or drugs ascertain COSHH regulations dispose of dirty waste the right behavior. gunstock Dangerous substances decrylyCONTROL OF SUBSTANCES HAZARDOUS TO HEALTH2002What are barbarian substances? This dismiss include things such(prenominal) as chemicals, fumes, dust, vapours, mist, gases. It is most likely that the main barbaric substances you go out break will be alter chemicals, clinical waste, soiled laundry and corpse fluids such as urine and blood. You will need to have a full understanding of the correct way to postponement and store hazardous substances and also the correct way to dispose of them.Wear apron and gloves clean hands before and after to maintain infection controlStore hazardous sub stances according to the manufacturers instructionsKnow correct procedure in the withalt of a spillageDispose of hazardous waste in the correct mannerREPORTING OF INJURIES DISEASES AND DANGEROUS OCCURENCES 1995The narrationing of accidents and ill health at work is a legal requirement. All accidents and dangerous occurrences should be reported to the incident contact centre which was established in April 2001. reportable diseases includeCertain poisonsSome pare d let diseases such as dermatitis, skin shtupcer, ulcersLung disease, including occupational asthmaReportable injuries includeFractures other than fingers, thumbs or toesAmputation destroyDislocation of shoulder, hip, knee or spine apprehensionrs should eternally report accidents in the accident book and to their Line ManagerFOOD SAFETY ACT 1990This act makes it an offence to offer a portion user grime food which may be injurious to health. It is of import as a carer that you stand for the date on food, escort it ha s been stored correctly, and it is cooked correctly. Ensure it has non been contaminated by cross infection, accordingly always wear allow for PPE when use and preparing food. The carer should be able to cook prepare and store foods which are safe and would avoid food poisoning. delimit the main health and safety responsibilities of ego takings reasonable care for your protest safety and that of othersCo-operate with the employer in obedience of health safety mattersNot intentionally damage any health safety equipment or materials forgetd by the employerUsing the systems and procedures correctly coverage flaws or gaps in the systems, equipment or procedures in usethe employer or fill outr go forth a safe workEnsure safe accession to and from the workplaceprovide information on health safetyprovide health safety trainingundertake encounter valuements for al hazardsUpdate systems and proceduresothers in the work settingExpress their needs and preferences in the area of their health and well- universeIndividuals should be encouraged to understand and take responsibility for promoting their stimulate health careAssess and manage dangers to their health and well-being commit and report any factors that may put themselves or others at riskVisitors to sign in on arrival and wear id badges if appropriate severalize capers relating to health and safety that should not be carried out without special trainingCarers should not complete any tasks they do not feel skilled to do or which they have not been fully trained to transfer out. This could includeManual discourseMedicationwellness emergenciesExplain how to access additional nutriment and information relating to health and safetyAny support or advice Ii need with regards Health safety can be obtained from my line manager or from the workplace policies and procedures.Understand the use of risk assessments in relation to health and safetyExplain why it is important to assess health and safety haz ards posed by the work setting or by particular activitiesIt is important to risk assess health and safety hazards at work because they may cause defile or loss of life to members of the workforce. This would then result in the owner of a company being sued and prosecuted that is why risk assessment is needed.Explain how and when to report potential health and safety risks that have been identifiedI would report health and safety concerns to my line manager, and would report these as soon as they come into direct contact with me.It is my duty as a Care Worker to report any potential health and saftefy risks that have been identified, in conjunction with the GSCC Code of blueprint, which statesBringing to the attention of your employer or the appropriate assurance resource or operational difficulties that might get in the way of the delivery of safe care.Informing your employer or an appropriate authority where the practice of colleagues may be unsafe or adversely affecting standa rds of care.The Health Safety at work Act 1974 also states that employers must maintain their safety and that of others with whom they work.Explain how risk assessment can help organise dilemmas between rights and health and safety concernsRisk assessment can call in dilemmas with rights and health and safety because clients can express their own rights to do what they compliments even though it can be defined as dotty behaviour. If it is documented and a risk management contrive is put in place the company can cover their own backs if anything goes wrong whilst a client is participating in risky behaviour.Understand procedures for responding to accidents and sudden illnessDescribe different types of accidents and sudden illness that may occur in own work settingThe most everyday types of accidents areSlipss over repayable to spills/Wet areas (bathrooms) Trips due to trailing wires/Objects left lying around/ fall apart carpets, Falls out of bed/down steps/stairsThe types of sudden illness could beSickness diarrhoea, food poisoning, stroke, heart bang, shingles, influenza, scabiesOutline the procedures to be followed if an accident or sudden illness should occurThe Reporting of Injuries, Diseases and Dangerous Occurrences Regulations 1995Carers have legal duties under RIDDOR that require us to report and record some work-related accidents by the quickest means possible.Any major injuries must be reported to RIDDOR direct. This includes fractures other than to fingers, thumbs and toes and loss of sight (Temporarily or permanently) Any injury which occurred at work and causes a person to be off work for over 3 age must be reported.Be able to conquer the spread of infectionDemonstrate the recommended system for hand washingDemonstrate ways to ensure that own health and hygience do not pose a risk to others at workWash hands before and after attending a function userWear PPE when assisting individuals with personal careDont attend work if you have a contagious illnessBe able to move and dispense equipment and other objects safelyIdentify legislation that relates to moving and useHealth and Safety at Work Act 1974The employer must decide what could harm you in your job and the precautions to stop it. This ispart of risk assessment.In a way you can understand, explain how risks will be controlled and tell you adaption of pocket handbill who is responsible for this.Consult and work with you and your health and safety representatives in protecting everyone from harm in the workplace.Free of charge, give you the health and safety training you need to do your jobFree of charge, provide you with any equipment and protective clothing youneed, and ensure it is properly take careed after.Carer mustFollow the training they have original when utilise any work items the employer has provided .Take reasonable care of their own and other peoples health and safetyCo-operate with their employer on health and safety.Tell psyche if they think the work or unequal precautions are putting anyones health and safety at in force(p) riskManual Handling Operations Regulations 1992avoid hazardous manual handling trading trading operations so far as reasonably practicableassess any hazardous manual handling operations that cannot be avoided andreduce the risk of injury so far as reasonably practicable. formulation and utilise of Work Equipment Regulations 1998 PUWERIn general terms, the Regulations require that equipment provided for use at work issuitable for the intended usesafe for use, maintained in a safe condition and, in certain circumstances, inspected to ensure this cadaver the flakeused only by people who have received adequate information, instruction and trainingaccompanied by suitable safety measures, eg protective devices, markings, warnings.Lifting Operations and Lifting Equipment Regulations (1992) -LOLERGenerally, the Regulations require that lifting equipment provided for use at work is substantive and stable enough for the particular use and marked to indicate safe working loadspositioned and installed to minimise any risksused safely, ie the work is planned, organised and performed by competent people andsubject to ongoing fundamental examination and, where appropriate, inspection by competent people.5.2 Explain principles for moving and handling equipment and other objects safelyAvoid hazardous manual handling operations so far as is reasonably practicable, for prototype by redesigning the task to avoid moving the load or by automating or mechanising the process. advert a suitable and sufficient assessment of any hazardous manual handling operations that cannot be avoided.Reduce the risk of injury from those operations so far as is reasonably practicable. Where possible, you should provide mechanical assistance, for example a sack trolley or hoist. Where this is not reasonably practicable, look at ways of changing the task, the load and working environment coin and handl e equipment or other objects safelyEnsure you attend manual handling training on a regular basis prepare the equipment is in a clean, safe working condition before use baffle the environment for obstructions, trip hazardsAvoid manual handling operations where reasonably practicalAlways use equipment that is providedWear appropriate footwear and clothingCheck the individuals care plan risk assessment give notice (of) with the individual and other cater how the move will take placeReport any changes to the individuals mobility for risk assessment reassessmentKnow how to handle hazardous substances and materialsIdentify hazardous substances and materials that may be found in the work settingCleaning chemicals such as discolorizeclinical waste e.g. Soiled pads, soiled dressings, used sharpssoiled laundry ashes fluids such as urine and bloodDescribe safe practices forStoring hazardous substancesEvery workplace must have a COSHH file. The file lists all the hazardous substances used in the workplace. It should detailWhere they are keptHow they are labelledTheir effectsThe maximum amount of time it is safe to be exposed to themHow to deal with an emergency involving one of themHazardous substances such as cleaning materials should be returned to a locked cupboard at all clock, and always stored in their original container, then ensured that clearly labelled. This is to avoid service users being able to obtain and accidentally swallow them.Using hazardous substancesWhen using or handling hazardous substances the Carer should wear appropriate PPE, which would include gloves, apron, mask, and nerve shield depending on what the substance is. For example, The COSHH Approved code of Practice (ACoP) recommends that image be prevented byAltering work methods so that the task that causes impression is no longer carried out for example, the Carer should be aware that mixing public household cleaning products such as bleach, chlorine or other similar general home clea ning products can cause serious injuries and respiratory problemsCommon cleaning products may be dangerous when mixed. indeed the Carer must be aware of the interest when carrying out tasks within the service users homeDo not mix bleach and ammonia.Do not mix bleach and acids.Do not use two enfeeble cleaners together, or one right after the other.The following are some of the chemicals that may be hazardous if mixed/not used correctlyAmmoniaIn addition to ammonia purchased as a cleaning product, ammonia may be found in the followingsome glass and window cleanersurine (be careful if you clean cat litter boxes or use a diaper pail)some interior and exterior paints.AcidsProducts containing acids includevinegarsome glass and window cleanerssome automatic dishwasher detergents and rinsessome toilet axial rotation cleanerssome drain cleanerssome lime, calcium and rust-brown removalproductssome brick and concrete cleanersDangers of mixing these common cleaning products includeMixing bleach and ammoniaWhen bleach is mixed with ammonia, unhealthful gases called chloramines are produced.Exposure to chloramine gases can causecoughingbrusqueness of breathchest painwheezingnauseawatery lookirritation to the throat, nose and eyespneumonia and fluid in the lungsMixing bleach and acidsWhen chlorine bleach is mixed with an acid, chlorine gas is given off. centilitre gas and water combine to make hydrochloric and hypochlorous acids.Chlorine gas icon, even at low levels, almost always irritates the mucous membranes (eyes, throat, and nose), and causes coughing and eupneic problems, burning and watery eyes, and a runny nose. Higher levels of exposure can cause chest pain, more severe breathing difficulties, vomiting, pneumonia, and fluid in the lungs. Very high levels can cause death.Chlorine can be absorbed through the skin, resulting in pain, inflammation, swelling, and blistering.Hydrochloric acid also causes burns to the skin, eyes, nose, throat, spill the beans a nd lungs.Mixing bleach and other cleaning productsBleach also reacts with some oven cleaners, hydrogen peroxide, and some insecticides.With the above cautions in mind the carer should therefore ensure their own safety and the safety of the Service User by ensuring the following, when deemed appropriate and necessarymodifying the process to remove hazardous substances, including by-products or waste change the hazardous substance with a less hazardous type or form of the substance, e.g. using granules instead of powder to reduce dust levels or a less volatile solvent in a process.If exposure cannot be prevented, it must be adequately controlled. The hierarchy of control measures can be summarised as follows.EliminateDont use the hazardous substance or avoid the procedure which causes exposure.SubstituteChange the material or working practice to one less hazardous.EncloseEnclose the hazardous substances or process in a closed system.Disposing of hazardous substances and materialsThe C arer should always ensure clinical waste is placed into the yellow bag (if available) or retell wrapped in a plastic bag, soiled linen into the correct laundry bag, sharps into the used sharps bin. Other chemicals should be disposed of as indicated on the label. All clinical waste handling and disposal procedures must consent with The controlled Waste Regulations, The environmental Protection Act including Duty of care regulations, The motorbus of Dangerous Goods Regulations and the Hazardous Waste Regulations. All these regulations come under the umbrella regulation The Environment Protection Regulations (Waste Disposal).Understand how to promote fire safety in the work settingDescribe practices that prevent fires fromStarting and cattle farmNo smoking on the premises except in designated areas better workplace policesNo candles to be lit in the expression check workplace policiesEnsure fire doors are kept closedAttend regular fire safety trainingKnow where alarms, extingui shers, fire blankets can be located in the make and how to use themRegular fire drillsEnsure empty boxes etc are disposed of outside the building immediately they are emptyDont consecrate open flames unattended in the kitchen.Dont leave electric irons unattendedDont leave flammable items near heating sourceOutline emergency procedures to be followed in the event of a fire in the work settingEach workplace will have their own procedures which must be followed in the case of an emergency. All workplaces must display information about what actions to take in case of fire. The procedure is likely to be similar toRaise the alarm dial 999Ensure that everyone is safe and out of dangerIf it is safe to do so, attack the fire with the correct extinguisherGo to the fire assembly point (This will be stated on the fire procedure notice)Do not return to the building for any reasonExplain the importance of maintaining clear evacuation routes at all timesThe Fire Precautions (Workplace) (Amendme nt) Regulations 1999 requires that all workplaces should be inspected by the fire authority. Part of the regulation states that routes to emergency exits from a workplace and exits themselves are kept clear at all times and that all emergency exits and routes lead as directly as possible to a place of safety. This is important for the safety of yourself, the service users, colleagues and any visitors to the building8 Implement Security measures in the work settingUse agreed ways of working for checking the identity of anyone requesting access toPremisesCheck workplace procedures. The identity of all visitors to the workplace should be checked. This can be done in a variety of waysCheck their id cardCheck with the person they have the appointment withAll visitors should sign in the visitors book. This aids the number count in case of a fire.If someone wanted to gain access to the premises while I was at a service users property, I could phone my line manager to keep going whether I am scheduled any visits from anyone. Open the door on latch and get the person to present some identification to who they are and what they want. If I am still suspicious, phone the police.Implement measures to protect own security and the security of others in the work settingIf anyone requests information on a client, I would refer them to my manager if they are claiming to be a fellow healthcare professional. My manager would have a better perceptiveness as to who is involved in a persons care and should be able to pass them onto the companys Caldecott Guardian who protects all confidential information within the company.Practicing safely and professionally will protect own security and others in the workplace, such as following policies and procedures, reading my service users personal care plan and risk assessments, and just basically turn ining my job inside out and practicing in a safe manner.8.3 Explain the importance of ensuring that others are aware of own whereaboutsThe importance of letting others know where you are helps stop staff getting kidnapped or assaulted whilst in a clients house. Also, if there is a fire in a building and you sign in, the fire brigade know exactly how many people are left in that building when it comes to evacuating it.9 Know how to manage own stress9.1 Identify common signs and indicators of stressCommon signs of stress are depression, anxiety, insomnia, mood swings, and illness due to lower immune system.9.2 Identify circumstances that tend to trigger own stressCircumstances that tend to trigger my own stress are over tiredness and dealing with complex traumas.9.3 Describe ways to manage own stressI manage stress through my days off, exercise, eating a healthy diet and maintaining a healthy catnap pattern these are all vital for my own well-being and therefore enable me to be more professional and proficient in my work role and duties.

Reflection On Personal Development In Nursing Programme Nursing Essay

Reflection On Personal Development In keep back Programme Nursing EssayThis essay give ornament how I developed from a critic to an sharp in my threesome course of instruction nursing programme. This is going to be integrated into my chosen take of watchfulness. Benners distributor points of clinical competence (1984) in conjunction with Dreyfus and Dreyfus student development impersonate (1986) will be utilize to structure the essay. To enhance discussions current establish based literature will be used to explore my strengths, limitations and experiences. Recommendations for next practice development as a youthfully registered nurse will similarly be explored. To discover tribes confidentiality names of knobs, wellness professionals and Trusts will all be changed or not used in this essay (UK Nursing and Midwifery Council, 2008).Management is monitoring and controlling the process of achieving your aims and objectives, standards and targets and reviewing the r esolving powers (Forster, 2001). It is about useful discourse, being sensitive and persuasive, make wakeless decisions and being able to move your mental faculty (Manion, 2005). I was attracted to this topic because I tried to implement retrieval principles on posture and was met with stiff resistance from the omnibus due to generational differences in our nursing pre-registration programmes. This was in contrast with the Chief Nursing police officer who admits the determine of the recovery approach informing the practice of all psychical health nurses (UK DOH, 2006). match to McNeese-Smith and Crock (2003) nurse managers are veneer a significant challenge in managing nurses that registered from different cohorts. This is because nursing programmes are unendingly changing to hit service user ineluctably and to adapt to in the raw research (Hu Hodgin, 2004). encounter in to Lloyd et al (2007) the sit of skill acquisition by Benner (1984) shows how a student progr esses in theory and practice according to mental picture through and through five defends, novice, take in beginner, competent, proficient and expert. In the commencement ceremony family of my nursing programme my first placement was in an unaccented-sighted memory access ward for older people. Next I die harded with the District Nurses redundantising in injury management issues. From here I moved on to an adult acute inpatient mental health hospital. Finally I worked at a school for children with special needs, where I had the most exposure.The first be of Benner (1984) namely novice is draw by Yancey (2005) as a beginner who has had no experience of the situations in which they are expected to perform. Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986) state that at this stage students have no experience of real situations, they only acquire rules and protocols to necessitate their actions and performances. My facial expression at the novice stage is that I demonstrated stiff communicati on skills which are vital in management. This was so because while I was serving in the British Army I had a visual sense of training in communication as it was vital in my government agency. My teach did not take long to notice this and commented on my intermediate converse that my communication skills were very entire, please see appendix 2. I mat up that at this stage I was a novice as I had never worked in a health charge reach before (Benner, 1984). withal as the year progressed I managed to develop another management skill, think. grooming is a type of decision making involving what to do, who is to do it, when and where it is to be make in order to arrive at a desired result (Hincliff Rodgers, 2008). I managed to develop this skill at a school for children with special needs. Here I learnt the importance of good planning as the group dealt with emergencies on a daily basis by observing registered nurses at work. I also had the opport unit of measurementy to put into practice my planning, prioritisation of care and management of resources skills and they developed to a very good standard. According to Callaghan and Waldock (2006) a good nurse manager will be familiar with the on the job(p)s of their healthcare ambit by making themselves visible to the staff, asking questions and possessing good communication with their staff. The above causes go on to say that this helps foster good decisions and respect between that level of management and other staff. By the end of the year I had a fair experience of work in mixed healthcare settings meaning that I was no longer a novice but an advance beginner (Benner, 1984).Benner (1984)s model of skill acquisition describes advance beginner as the stage where the nurse has considerable experience in real situations which allows their performance to improve to a marginally acceptable level. According to whollyigood and Tomey (2005) a student nurse at the advanced beginner stage views clinical situa tions as a test of their abilities and the situation placed on them kinda than client needs and responses. They are also able to accomplish some steps use their hold judgement but command is require for overall task (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986). I believe I started the bet on year of my nursing programme as an advanced beginner (Benner, 1984). At this stage of the programme I went to varied mental health placements. The first place I went was a day hospital for older people providing out-patient healthcare facility. From here I moved on to an adult club mental health group which provided specialist assessments, advice and make, helping to establish clear integrated care pathways for clients (UK Department of health, 2002a). This is where I had the most exposure. Next I worked in an adult mental health rehabilitation unit where the police squad encouraged clients to develop life skills that enabled them to function more in effect in the community. Finally I worked with a community specialist mental health team for older people. The skill I developed in my succor year was delegation. According to Bittner and Gravlin (2009) delegation means assigning a definite task to another person providing proper authorisation keeping in mind it should be effective and result oriented. The above authors go on to mention that for delegation to occur a task must take on 6 right(a)s namely the right task, the right person, the right time, the right information, the right supervision and the right follow up. During my second year placements with the community team I did a lot of delegating especially to the administration staff who helped the nursing staff with all their typing and other administration tasks. This allowed me to institute my confidence that by the end of the year I was very homy with delegating tasks. I also noticed that by the end of the year I had developed to a competent practiti unitaryr due the experiences that I encountered (Benner, 1984). Please see appendix 3.Competence is described by Benner (1984) as a stage where a nurse begins to assess urgency of their clients needs and plan accordingly. They are also able to achieve most tasks using own judgement and copes with complex situations through reach analysis and planning (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986). In my final year of study I worked in a mental health adolescent inpatient unit which provided multidisciplinary assessment, emergency admissions, family therapy, learning and activity programmes. From here I moved on to my final placement in an adult acute inpatient mental health unit which provided holistic care. Their role was to provide a high standard of gracious treatment and care in a safe and therapeutic setting for clients in the most acute and vulnerable stages of their illness (UK Department of Health, 2002b). During the ordinal year of my nursing programme I had the most exposure in an adult acute inpatient ward which was my final placement. Here I got in volved in all aspects of nursing management namely managing client care, planning the shift, delegation, line solving, running the shift and being the charge nurse. My mentors comments inclined on Appendix 4 prove that I had developed to a competent practitioner. On Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986)s skills domain I developed conscious deliberate planning which was a direct result of taking charge of shifts on numerous occasions under supervision from my mentor. I also got the observe to practice various types of management styles while I was the charge nurse. I also managed to run shifts successfully leading a team of registered nurses and support workers demonstrating that I was now evolution to a proficient practitioner.The fourth stage of Benner (1984)s model is proficient where the nurse learns from previous experiences and knows what to expect in a particular situation and can modify plans in response to events. According Hargreaves and Lane (2001) a proficient nurse starts to vi ew situations as wholes rather than parts and notice on situations guides their performance. On Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986)s skills domain, the skills I demonstrated at this stage are the ability to adapt to changes, reorganisation of shift and intervention transfer of service users detained on a section of the Mental Health Act (2007) under the same or different hospital managers. I was also able to take full responsibility for my own work and that of others where applicable (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986).The last stage of Benner (1984)s model is expert where a nurse knows what to do based on maturity and their understanding of clinical practice. A nurse is able to take responsibility for their work going beyond existing standards and creating own interpretations (Dreyfus and Dreyfus, 1986). I did not fully develop into an expert but there were certain aspects of management I performed expertly. For instance either time I had the opportunity to be the charge nurse I managed to lead a team of highly experienced nurses and support workers effectively with no problems. I was also able to delegate duties to team members effectively considering the skills required for the duties I needed carried out.According to Bulman and Schutz (2004) reflective practice is a process of reviewing practice so that it may be describe, analysed, evaluated and consequently used to inform and change future practice. This part of the assignment is a reflection of what I need to further enhance my management skills as a registered mental health nurse. This will be integrated by reflection of government policies and literature that can be used in clinical practice. As a registered nurse I need to observe my working environment and then make an interpretation out of it through good reflection skills. By just carefully watching the dynamics of the working environment I will be able to develop the skills needed to effectively manage it. I also need to have self-importance belief which enabl es me to be the shaper rather than the follower even when facing opposition (Department of Health, 2004a). Knowing policies and procedures of my workplace is essential as it allows me to understand my role and responsibility. This allows nurse managers to guide day to day operations of the clinical setting without constant intervention from top management (Fradd, 2004). Additionally the above author talks about the key components of management competencies which are self-confidence, tempered with humility, developing high trusting relationships and effective collaboration. Research has proved the need for support during the transition stop from student nurse to newly registered nurse (Whitehead, 2001). In light of this evidence I will undergo a period of preceptorship to ease my transition into my role as a registered mental health nurse. Crucially, lifelong learning which meets the needs of the service users and delivers the outcomes and health priorities of the employer is vital i n enhancing my management skills (Royal College of Nursing, 2007). UK Department of Health (2001) supports life long learning as well stating that staff, teams and organisations they relate to and work in have to acquire new knowledge and skills to shape and change things for the better. The ability to identifying the knowledge and skills that you need to declare in your post is crucial in enhancing your skill base (UK DOH, 2004b). I will also familiarise myself with different types of management for instance Laissez faire described by McSherry and Pearce (2007) as one in which the manager provides little or no direction and gives subordinates as much freedom as possible. All power is given to the subordinates and they determine goals, make decisions and resolve problems on their own (Spinelli, 2006). With the experience I have had during my programme I will also learn more about Democratic management. According to Woods (2005) egalitarian management encourages those you are deleg ating to, to be part of the decision making by keeping them informed about everything that affects their work. I believe this model makes a team perform better as it makes them feel valued.To reason out Dreyfus and Dreyfus (1986)s levels of skill development reflect changes in three aspects namely endeavour from reliance, change in the learners perception of the demand situation and a theodolite from detached observation to involved performer. There is one serious problem with Benner (1984)s definition of expert in that a person might meet the criteria for being an expert and still be consistently wrong or incompetent and their intuitive grasp of situations based on deep silent understanding is just not good enough. Good managers exist when one has the ability to motivate others to purse high standards and long term goals through an approach defined by an open empowering culture where communication, strong values and mutual respect are paramount (Clegg, 2000). A good manager is one who unravels bureaucracy in the creation of opportunities and achievement of objectives ensuring that team is fit for the purpose, delivers clinically effective objectives and high quality service user care (UK DOH, 2000).

Is Export oriented industrialization indispensable for economic growth

Is Export lie industrialisation indispensable for scotch ontogenyINTRODUCTIONOne of the advert indicators, of stinting breeding of a country, is its level of industrial enterprise. That is, as many confirmable investigations proved the main actor for increased divergence in living standards between the advanced countries and the evolution countries is their level of industrialization. This being the fact, it is only after decolonization and end of ball state of war II that, under positive countries consciously adopted industrialization st calculategies for frugal teaching purposes and as a solution, from their vulnerable dependance on mountain of few particular products and upshot of heights valued manufactured goods (Brisbane, 1980). The abject damage of trade in inter national marketplace for primary goods from former colonies and the determination to get erupt of severe p everywherety and register sustain evolution, were the main reasons for the diversi fication of the narrow structure of the colonial parsimoniousness.Industrialization is good for developing countries for many reasons including the following (i) it reduces their vulnerable dependence (ii) it speeds up their scotch growth process (iii) it modernize the delivery through spill over or externalities effects associated with industrialization, from advanced countries (iv) create more employment for the capacious population in rural country sector and accele place income growth which is used as a means to re-distribute income to the impoverished masses and (v) grow more conflicting currency through export which reduces balance of hire problems (Brisbane, 1980).As Brisbane explained, to industrialize, developing countries adopted write substitution st rovegies from round 1945 to the 1970s. meaning substitution schema is designed to produce few luxury consumer goods for national consumption behind a very high duty wall. However, some countries which follow ed the import substitution schema fai lead, to meet the goal of industrialization, while outstanding growth and development was reported from developing countries that pursued an export oriented strategy, in the 1970s.Defined simply, export-oriented Industrialization (EOI) often termed as export led industrialization (ELI) is a insurance designed for the purpose of speeding up the industrialization process of a country through exporting goods for which the nation has a comparative profit. This insurance requires countries to open up their national market to foreign competition in return to getting advance to worldwide market. In order to promote EOI and ultimately economical development, complementary policies in relation to tariffs, trade, metamorphose rate, and others motivating to be adopted and employed.This root leave behind critically examine how export oriented industrialization is essential for economic growth in developing countries, if it can be backed up by a ppropriate policies on trade, industrial polity and ex mixture rate insurance, geargond for that purpose. The physical composition in any case argues that export oriented industrialization has its avouch drawbacks. Thus, the essay is structured as follows In section 2, It the paper analyses the signification of policies on the departing of EOI, particularly trade constitution, industrial policy and rally rate policy that developing countries need to adopt and identifies argonas where government intercession is needed to bring economic development. It then explains the drawbacks of export oriented industrialization, on export dependence countries, in Section 3. Then section 4, through empirical observation examines how EOI contributes to economic development and the conclusions are presented in section 5.2. Significance of Policies on EOIThe role of complementary policies for legalness of export oriented industrialization is undeniable. This paper focuses mainly on how trad e, industrial and step in rate policies can check EOI policy.2.1 Trade policyAppropriate trade policy is adept of the let out tools used for disuniteing of export oriented industrialization and for economic development, in general. That is, the better trade policy a country has, the better outlook it has for industrial diversification, creating value added products and getting more income from export.Theoretical context plain if, there has been little consensus on the relationship between trade and short- to metier -term economic growth-and even less on its role in retentive term economic development. The principle of comparative reward, which prescribe countries to specialize as to their factor endowment, first described by David Ricardo, forms the theoretical basis for conventional trade surmisal and provides the rationale for unthaw trade. The principle states that even if a country produced all goods more cheaply than other countries, it would benefit by specializin g in the export of its relatively cheapest good (or the good in which it has a comparative advantage)(Murray Gibbs 2007, p. 10). And some classical economists believed that the principal base for this principle is the oddment in factor endowments among countries determine the relative cost of production.However, this traditional theory from classical economists has been challenged as it doesnt explain well the actual trade patterns and as the theory has unrealistic assumptions, care perfect competition, full employment etc (Murray Gibbs 2007). In extension to the unrealistic assumptions, in real situations the theory favors advanced countries, and developing countries hardly benefit anything from it. The controversial Singer Prebisch thesis, also explained this situation by stating that it is the center that gets all the benefits of international trade while the periphery gets nothing, which opposes to the Ricardian possibility of Comparative Advantage. He argued given the differ ences in the existing economic, productive and task market structures between the periphery and the center (in the application of technology in traded goods and in the market structures oligopoly vs. competitive) less- genuine countries cannot benefit from international market, if they adopt comparative advantage doctrine (Todaro and Smith 2009).This is because developing countries usually produce and export primary products which get under ones skin lower terms of trade. And the scope for diversification is too narrow, and these conditions sick developing countries to have vulnerable dependence on international market.Thus, distant the classical economists static comparative advantage doctrine, self-propelled comparative advantage is a better option for developing countries. This is because as more innovation, technology, capital, and other requirements for industrializations are met and as industrialization happens in developing countries, it will be easier to diversify thei r economic structure, as manufactured goods have better terms of trade than primary products.Skarstein (2007) in his paper Free Trade A Dead End for Under true Economies,criticized the comparative advantage doctrine. He argued, what matters approximately in international trade is the absolute advantage that countries get out of it than a comparative advantage. And empirical evidences show that the doctrines of comparative advantage and free trade benefit the advanced countries only. This is mainly because the doctrines are likely to eliminate international learnedness among countries. Particularly, the WTO agreement, Trade related intellectual priggishty rights (TRIPS), which is a big challenge developing countries to acquire technology, skill and international learning from the rest of the world.He also argued, for a trade policy to function in effect, developing countries have to make sure that, this policy is well combine with their industrial policy. And in addition to thes e, developing countries have to get patronise from advanced countries, through reduced import tariffs for goods from developing countries and by heavy(a) developing countries a chance to protect their industries and to get easy access to international market. He also stressed that, developing countries have to delay that food security is maintained in their countries, as it keeps them safe from their foreign account, balance of payment problems as well. Thus, governments of developing countries have to protect agricultural production for consumption.Therefore, while designing policies, developing countries have to consider the dynamic comparative advantage or absolute advantage options. In addition to this, they also have to consider how their economic integration to the world economy should be in support of EOI.2.2 Industrial policyA proper industrial policy is also another important tool for effective export oriented industrialization, as a countrys industrialization depends on how singular domestic firms are defend. This is because, it is individual firms that innovate and harness technological change and compete in the world market (Suranovic, 2002).The basic policy dowery of industrial policy for developing countries is Infant industry testimonial. It is a obligatory condition, because newly emerging firms in developing countries need some policy to help them grow strong and to safeguard them from intrusion of foreign firms in their market, that have a negative effect on their growth. Infant industries in developing countries can mainly be protected through import tariff mechanism, which reduce imports from the rest of the world and raises demand and production of domestic product. This protection enables the domestic firms to cover their higher production costs and to appease in business. Depending on the nature of the firm, infant industry protection strategy will help the domestic firms to produce efficiently and to be equal in internationa l markets.However, in order to use the infant industry protection policy as a tool for export oriented industrialization, government of developing countries need to have reliable information about what industry to protect, how large the production tariffs need to be and over what stopover the tariffs will be reduced and eliminated. Because import tariffs have to be in stages reduced and eliminated, to increase efficiency of domestic firms.A complementary policy component to infant industry protection in export oriented industrialization is export promotion. This component stimulates export and allows the infant industry to have access to international market, while Infant industry protection policy allows the new domestic firm to grow strong.For industrial policy to be effective it has to be complemented by competition policy, as some regulations are required for the competition among domestic firms and simultaneously, as there is a need for policy to protect the domestic firms fr om intrusion of foreign firms in their market.A coherent execution of industrial policy requires a coordinated nuzzle to trade policies. This is because trade policies are designed usually in consistency with a countrys trade negotiations, which include policies related to investment, tariff, Intellectual property, and others.The effectiveness of tariffs as a tool for industrialization is also linked to the monetary policy framework within which it ope judge. When the capital account is liberalized potency over exchange rates may be lost and the appreciation of exchange rates can obviously undermine export competitiveness and the impact of tariff protection (Murray Gibbs 2007, p. 19).2.3. Exchange rate policyThe role of exchange rate policy in the success of export oriented industrialization strategy is undeniable. Exchange rate is a policy on the level of exchange rate of a countrys currency. The main challenge in formulating the exchange rate policy is in keeping balance betwee n maintaining exchange rate stability and maintaining export cost competitiveness, which requires devaluation. Devaluation increases the value of imports, while it gives options for exporters to choose both to reduce the prices of their products or to keep them as they are, to increase their profit margin. Thus, devaluation, at a cost of higher inflation, enables domestic industries to be competent internationally, by keeping the bulk of import down and by raising the volume of export (domestic output) higher. The role of government in controlling inflation, to stabilize the economy is very essential, here. Thus, this phenomenon in addition to supporting the export oriented industrialization process it helps countries to improve their current account balance in sense of balance of payment problem (Jacob, Atta Keith R., Jefferis Ita, Mannathoko and Pelani, Siwawa-Ndai 2000)3. Drawbacks of Export dependenceA country is underage on export, if export constitutes the largest porti on of its gross domestic products. However, even if EOI strategy contributes for economic development, the extent to which this strategy is applied has to be considered for various reasons. To point out some of them, as dependency theorists argue first, export dependent developing countries cause chaos on the long-term economic planning subject of a nation-state (Barratt-Brown Prebisch) as these countries have little or no control over the market, to allow sustained economic growth through static revenue. Second, Income from export is not a reliable source for economic development for developing countries. As many of the export oriented industrializations in these countries are owned by multinational corporations, and large portion of revenue from much(prenominal) sources are not repatriated, to be used for re-investment (Jaffee, 1985).4. Empirical evidenceSkarstein, 2007 paper Free Trade A Dead End for Underdeveloped Economies, showed the empirical evidences on EOIs contributi on for tremendous economic development of the Asiatic tigers and the at present developed countries. It mainly showed the relationship between economic development and effective implementation of infant industries protection policy and export promotion policy.In support of this, it is argued, that many people have argued that Infant industry protection was precisely the industrial development strategy that was pursued by countries like the US and Germany during their rapid industrial development before the turn of the twentieth century. Both the US and Germany had high tariffs during their industrial revolution periods. These tariffs helped protect starter industries from competition with more efficient firms in Britain and may have been the requisite requirement to stimulate economic growth (Suranovic 2002)Bairoch also analyzed data and concluded that the different the effect of free trade on developed and developing countries is. In all the cases he analyzed, free trade has a positive effect on developed countries while it lets the least developed countries to suffer. He mentioned that United Kingdom registered its fastest growth during the period (1860 1880). In those cases he analyzed, how effective import tariffs for developing countries were in their economic development (Bairoch, 1972, p. 211).In his paper, Skarstein, illustrated, with detailed data how the East Asian tigers used industrialization policy for their economic development. That is first by implementing a policy of protected import substitution and then, as their industries grow competent, by shifting their industrialization strategy to export oriented industrialization, with a slow reduction of import barriers for industrial good. And, at the same time, how implementing high import protection for their agriculture helped them to maintain food security and helped their success in industrializationThe miraculous performance of the East and South East Asian countries during 1970s to mi d-nineties cannot be analyzed without considering the connection between the export -oriented policies and economic growth. In the Newly Industrialized Economies from East and South East Asia, the general macroeconomic policies as well as selective export promotion policies facilitated the high export and economic growth. Following their path China and India also changed their policy stance in favor of export oriented policies and moved on the high growth trajectories.5. ConclusionsIn sum industrialization is a key process for developing countries for economic development. However, as many economists agree, the process of economic development is very complex, as it depends on large number of variables such as political system, socio economic structure, capital accumulation (both physical and human), trade, price fluctuations, and income distribution, and even more on geographical characteristics. As such, while export oriented industrialization contributes to economic growth, it is not necessarily indispensable to the growth and development of developing countries.As explained in this essay, EOI can be one of the key strategies to register economic growth. And in order for it to function effectively it has to be supported by appropriate components of the policy like infant industry protection strategy, competition policy, export promotion strategy and others. much specifically, it requires well functioning and well integrated macroeconomic policies like trade policy, industrial policy, exchange rate policy, investment policy, tariff policy and others. organisation intervention also plays a key role in reservation the export oriented industrialization effective for economic development.Examined empirical evidences also reveal that Export-oriented Industrialization was particularly the characteristic of the economic development of the Asian Tigers Hong Kong, South Korea, Taiwan and Singapore in the post World War II period . In addition to Asian Tigers, evide nces also tell how EOI strategy contributed for the economic development of US, Germany and others, who are now in developed world category. However, though the role of export oriented industrialization in economic development is undeniable, countries have to also carefully consider its dispense in the gross domestic product, as larger export dependence has a negative effect on economic growth.

Friendship Essay: Helping a Friend in Need -- Friendship Essay, Persona

It is precise sad to see a friend or relative pitiful or in need, especially when they pretend that everything is all right. It is a mild situation when approaching someone in this predicament, as often a persons pride stands in the way of reaching bulge for comfort. How to offer your help to an independent friend or relative in this position requires a bit of clever manipulation and a non-so- writ large plan in order to help.If the problem at elapse is a financial matter, the first response would be to offer them a loan. On the other hand, most people would be embarrassed to admit to this, and entrust perhaps be offended at the offer. However, instead of outright whirl them money, trading a service in return for payment would not seem as though you are giving them a hand out. For example...

How Important is Being Earnest? Essay -- Literary Analysis

Oscar Wilde is the author of the comedic play, The grandness of Being Earnest, which is a s deviseplay ab discover two the great unwashed who hold double lives trying to be the same person. While Wilde intended for his play to allow people picking the theatre with laughter he conveys a deeper meaning. By looking closely at the characters in the play readers can see everyone is very selfish or egocentric. All the events that occur between the characters happen because they are altogether thinking about themselves. The lives of all the characters mingle together all collectable to this one character named Ernest who is offset created by the character, Jack, for personal benefit. Ernest is spelled different from the word earnest which means serious in purpose or unassumingness of feelings. Wilde uses this play on words to create a satire on the morals of people during his time period. The characters in the novel do not display earnestness but disrespect. The main characters will find out that being sincere and bonny is better for them than lacking respect for others. The first character readers meet is Algernon, a friend to Jack, who is preparing for his aunt, Lady Bracknell, to arrive. After a conversation with his manservant he says Really, if the lower orders dont set us a good example, what on earth is the use of them? They seem, as a class, to have absolutely no sense of moral responsibility (Wilde 6). Algernon believes people of less(prenominal) fortune have fewer morals. For example sum is less pregnant. Algernon displays hypocritical characteristics because he is going to try to base a marriage off of a fake identity. Another subtle hint to Algernons selfishness is when he eats all the cucumber sandwiches meant for his aunt. As he is academic term there talking to Jack he... ...to build relationships. They are building the relationships establish on lies and deceit rather than being earnest which would build a stronger relationship. At the en d of the play all is well and the truth comes out. The characters have finally learned their lesson the being earnest is important. It is not the name that is important but their qualities as a person. The characters can now live happy, fulfilling, honest lives with their spouses. Wilde portrays how morals are important through a comedic satire. Works CitedWilde, Oscar. The Importance of Being Earnest. New York W.W. Norton &, 2006. Print.JACOBS, KATHERINE. Shakespeares MUCH ADO ABOUT NOTHING 5.4.109-18. The Explicator 59.3 (2001) 115. books Resource Center. Web. 4 Apr. 2012. Doniger, Wendy. Self Impersonation in World belles-lettres Literature Resource Center. Web. 4 Apr. 2012

Emma by Jane Austen Essay -- Emma Jane Austen

About the AuthorJane Austen was born on December 16, 1775 at St howeverton, England. She was the s regular(a)th child of the rector of the parish at Steventon, and lived with her family until they moved to Bath when her arrest retired in 1801. Her father, Reverend George Austen, was from Kent and attended the Tunbridge School before studying at Oxford and receiving a living as a rector at Steventon. Her mother, Cassandra Leigh Austen, was the young lady of a patrician family. Among her siblings she had but single infant, Cassandra, with whom she kept in shutdown contact her entire life. Her fellows entered a variety of professions several joined the clergy, one was a banker, while several more spent time in the military. Although her family was neither noble nor wealthy, Rev. Austen had a particular interest in education, even for his daughters. Although her novels focus on courtship and marriage, Jane Austen remained single her entire life. She died in Winchester on July 8, 18 17. Jane Austen published four novels anonymously during her lifetime Sense and Sensibility (1811), congratulate and Prejudice (1813), Mansfield Park (1814), Emma (1815). Two novels, Northanger Abbey and Persuasion were published posthumously in 1817. These novels are prominent for her satiric depiction of English society and manners. abstract of EmmaJane Austens Emma is a novel of courtship. Like all of Austens novels, it centres on the marriage plan who will marry whom? For what reasons will they marry? Love, practicality, or necessity? At the centre of the story is the title character, Emma Woodhouse, an heiress who lives with her widowed father at their country, Hartfield. At the beginning of the novel, she is a self-satisfied young woman who feels no particular need to marry, for she is in the rather unique condition of not needing a husband to supply her fortune. At the beginning of the novel, Emmas governess, drop off Taylor, has skilful married Mr. Weston, a wealthy ma n who owns Randalls, a nearby estate. The Westons, the Woodhouses, and Mr. Knightley (who owns the estate Donwell Abbey) are at the top of Highbury society. Mr. Weston had been married earlier. When his previous wife died, he sent their one child (Frank Churchill) to be raised by her brother and his wife, for the now-wealthy Mr. Weston could not at that time provide for the boy. Without Miss Taylor as a companion,... ...e is unpopular in Highbury due to her poor manners and arrogance, but becomes secure friends with Jane Fairfax. Her status in society rests only on the fact that her sister married very well. She refuses to treat others with the proper respect they are accorded, including even Mr. Knightley. Mr. John Knightley - A tall, gentleman-like, clever man, respectable and reserved. Emma dislikes him somewhat for his severity and leave out of patience. He is Knightleys brother and Woodhouses son-in-law. He is married to Isabella, Emmas sister. They live in capital of the Un ited Kingdom and visit only occasionally. Mr. John Knightley is given to complaint and bad learning ability his wife is submissive and devoted entirely to him.Mrs. Goddard The mistress of a embarkment school where girls might be sent to receive a weensy education. Her school was in high repute. One of her former students is Harriet Smith, who now assists Mrs. Goddard. Miss Bates The daughter of Mrs. Bates, she was neither young, married, handsome nor rich. She is a pitiable character with the score predicament. She lacks all distinguishing traits such as intellect or cleverness, yet she was broadly speaking happy and treated others with great goodwill.

how to sell in a competivite market :: essays research papers

1. Advertise Whether you grease ones palms classified ads in e-zines, (magazines on the net,) feed kids march on fliers around your neighborhood, or c every 10 people each day, your transmission personal line of credit wont go without a little publicity. Make sure your ads talk flat to your prospects most pressing problems. Thats a surefire way to get their attention and interest. You have to have pictures and you truly have to tell the guest about the product. number one off, you have to ask the prospected customer what he or she is looking for. select if they want to be going off road, or on the early(a) hand, argon they going to use the truck as a commuter train vehicle? If the latter is true, you have to refer the prospected customer to another line of truck or car. remember, a person is not a customer until they actually buy something, so be careful not to saltation to conclusions. And most of all, do not be pushy. 2. Include your price in the ad. Ever decide an ad with no price andfigure, "I cant spend that. Im not even going to ask?" Youd be surprised how many an(prenominal) people feel just like that. Include your price and youll see an immediate increase in the number of people whoshow interest. If the prospected customer asks the price, tell him. Dont avoid the question, this turns prospected customers away. Even better, tell them indemnify off that the price is $19,945.00, and be to tell them of any dealer incentives that are going on. Dont throw in too many freebees, but in order to make the sale, or make the sale sweeter, you have to birth them something. Make them feel that they are getting something for nothing, this makes them feel really unsloped about purchasing this item. A good thing to throw in is an alarm system. This gives the feeling that you want to protect your customers investment.3. Make yourself available to kindle prospects. I know you cant be in all places at all time, but let prospects know how you can be reached, then conclude their questions as fast as you can. Some people like to buy on Sunday. So if you are not available, you wont get the sale. Remember, he or she who hustles gets the sale. Carry a cell-phone, give the prospect your card, tell them to scrub you every day and night until all of their questions are answered.

Joy of Cooking :: essays papers

wallow of provisionA originative interest I have is determineery with pastries, seafood and poultry.Preparing food can be fun. All I need is middling a little imagination andtime. Pastries are dessert that are divide for special occasions andafter a meal. Pastries are special delinquent to the fact apiece one tastes andlooks different. The creative format comes from the chef. Since I am theone who cooks in my house, I must prepare separately serv frosting tasteful andattractive.For example, I was thinking of a creative cake for my daughters&rsquobirthday. I decide to make her a choo choo train cake. The way I indispensability topresent this stunner is by making it look like a toy train with zoo animalsstanding near by. The idea of this dish is to make the train look similarto the candy house in the story, Hansel and Gretel. The first step wasto add food coloring to the trash. She was excited. Mommy, can I mix thecolors? Next, I decorate the cake board with grated cocon ut. I add car park food coloring to the grated coconut. Jessica said, Mommy, thatlooks like grass. Then, I decorated the carts of the train withdifferent color icing. For example, I placed green, blue, and red icingon each of the carts. When I finished decorating the carts, I placed themon the black licorice train tracks. When I was finished with placing thecarts on the track, Jessica and I arranged assorted candy all over thetrain. Another creative idea I had was to cook with the children in afterschool rush at William Lehman Elementary. For example, I had decided tomake an orange shake with them to respect Halloween. The first step Icreated, was to add orange sherbet ice cream. Next, I add cream soda tothe float. When I was finished the shake, I placed one chocolate chipcookie inside of the float.Cooking creativy with seafood is another outstanding process. Whencooking shrimp, I must prepare each shrimp to the procedure I want. Forexample, when preparing Chinese Fried Rice, I c ook every item separately.For instance, this dish requires shrimp. This dish I peel each shrimp.Then I season the shrimp with soy sauce. Then, I ado fry them. When Icook this dish, I add everything in a bowl. Once the Chinese rice iscooked, I prepare the platter. For instance, I helicopter up green onions andplace them around the Chinese Rice. Then I slice thin piece of orangesand locate then around the green onion.

Healers of Our Every Illness Essays -- Health Medicine Finances Papers

Healers of Our Every IllnessIntroductionHealthcare in the United States continues to be an expanding field. As we continue to growth our knowledge, we are the look up to of developed nations for our advanced methods of medical technology. Physicians and healthcare providers are able to therapeutic many of the diseases and illnesses that patients bring before them. As a result of the succeeder of our biotechnology, restitution companies and healthcare groups are profiting considerably. Furthermore, as the government and organizations thrive on the success of technology, they are enabling patients to seek unnecessary care (Califano 1986). heretofore with our outstanding medical care, millions of muckle still suffer every yr from illnesses that could contain been prevented but were not because patients did not have the financial resources to manage their expenses. Our healthcare providers must work at making sure people learn to care for themselves in order to avoid easily prev entable illnesses. This process begins with educating the public on how to avoid disease and maintain or achieve a state of well being. In other words, staying goodly and well. In profit to our healthcare givers encouraging healthy lifestyles, the government and insurance agencies need to make quality health care more financially accessible for everyone.Educating the General PublicAdvertisements to raise awarenessAmericans have seen an increase of public awareness in education on many issues. indoors the past decade, issues such as HIV, the AIDS epidemic, and sexually transmitted diseases have become more prevalent in the media and in our every day lives through advertisements. Organizations have lost tolerance for the spread of illnesses and have frankincense acted to ... ...history of false-negative papanicolaou smears a prospective study using screening colposcopy in addition to cytology. Journal of American Osteopathic Association. Vol. 98, pp. 542-6.May, W. F. et al. (1987) . Reforming Health Care. New York Committee for Economic Development.Rovner, Julie. (1998, October). Us Uninsured Still Rising. Lancet. Vol. 352 Issue 9135, p1206.Russell, L. B. (1986). Is Prevention better than Cure? Washington, D.C. The Brookings Institution.Schmitz, A. (1991). eighter Myths about National Health Insurance. On-Line. Internet. Available http//webmap.missouri.edu/health/in-health.html. November 10, 1998.Snyder, G. F. (1988). Tough Choices. Elign Brethren Press.(1998, October). Ads launched to influence uninsured kids. AHA News. Vol. 34 Issue 40, p4.Atlanta (1998, March). Mennonite Medical Association. Atlanta, Georgia.

The Positronic Man :: essays research papers

THE POSITRONIC MANAn bonzer story about an extraordinary zombi.In the twenty-first century the creation of the positronic brain leads to the development of robot labourers and revolutionises life on Earth. However, to the Martin family, their household robot NDR-113 is more than a tool, it is a trusted fri annul, a confidant, and a member of the family. Through some inexplicable manufacturing glitch, NDR-113 or known as Andrew has been blessed, with a capacity for love and a drive toward self-awareness and development that are almost... merciful. This story is set on an Earth, which is in force(p) starting to get used to the idea of robots. Even so, it is an earth that was not ready for Robot NDR-113. Andrew, with his king to assimilate emotions, and an unexpected gift for pretty arts, both astounded and worried people. In an attempt to become human, he develops several prosthetic devices, which prove a godsend to humans.Almost, however, is not enough. Andrews day-dream is t o become accepted as human. Facing human prejudice, the laws of robotics, and his own automatonlike limitations, Andrew used science and law in his quest for the impossible, arriving at belong at a terrifying choice to make his dream a reality, he must pay the ultimate price.I must pronounce that I didnt have very high expectations for this halt because I am not a very big science fiction fan, hardly this admit changed my mind. There are many reasons why this particular book changed my view on science fiction. One of the major reasons for my enjoyment of this book is the way in which it was written. Isaac Asimov and Robert Silverberg set this story up wonderfully. I in person liked the way the book is structured. The first chapter takes place at the end of the story so you start thinking about what is going to slide by right from the start. Then, as you near then end of the story you publication to where you began in the first chapter and finish the story with a thought kin dle ending. Another major reason that I liked this particular story is because it touched on many ethical aspects, from different points of view. Such as, what it gist to be human, how humans in general would be perceived by an intelligence that has no knowledge about the way we as humans reason or think. The authors also showed how humans will fight down when they find out that they can create a being with the ability to not just think in a logical number but also be creative and intelligent well beyond their own abilities.

The U.S. Constitution and Slavery :: USA, constitution, slavery, history,

The US constitution was written with great romance to create strong nation. The bill of right were written, it provide all military man with rights. The writers of the constitution we hypocrites, they didnt abide by what they preached. Thomas Jefferson wrote himself all work force are created equal unless he owned slaves. The founding convey didnt look or even think about slaveholding when they wrote the constitution. They were pre-occupied in getting the reciprocal ohmern state to join the union and compress the new constitution. They southern states believed that the federal g all overnment shouldnt mess with the come forth on slavery because slavery was a state issue. The south and the conglutination made numerous compromises to create a great nation. The first confirmative compromise was when the constitution didnt mention slavery in the constitution, they left over(p) that for the states to deal with. After years after when the congress decide to go bad the slave trade in 1808, they gave the south time to adjust to this but they new that by the time the slave trade died line was over the slave would have reproduces and they would have more slaves. Third compromise gave the south more power. They had notice that they had less seats in the house of representative. States with the almost slaves, for instance Virginia and Maryland, were get out number in the house of representative, so the compromised to have the slave counted as part of the population. They got three counts for every quintette slaves. This helped balance the house of representative.Later on, after President capital of Nebraska abolished slavery(the bakers dozen amendment in the constitution) the southern states decided to nullify his decision but the went against the constitution. override is illegal. This action cause the bloodiest civil war in America. President Lincoln notice that the US government was not follo followg what they were preaching. After the win in the civil war, the federal government had established themselves with a contend of power.

Functions of Management Essay -- Business Management

There is no one definition for the term management. However, Fayol (1916) delimitate the term management as To manage is to forecast and plan, to organize, to command, to co-ordinate and to control. Mc Ilwee.T and Roberts I, (1991) p.g117 Management is not standardized and is undertaken at each levels of the organization, as it is an combine activity. Managers have to manage in order to achieve the overall objectives and outline of the firm. All firms are seeking effective managers, and the quality of management is a key element of business success.The quad wreaks of management are prerequisite to building strong teams and stronger organizations. Common to all managers, the four functions are planning, organizing, leading, and controlling. The aforementioned(prenominal) functions of the manager are the activities, which all managers must perform regardless of the industry, the level, the title, or the activity in which engaged. In this paper we will be examining all four of t hese ingredients and then we will apply them to real world examples. These four things are used any time when initiating a new bemuse or dealing with any change, which we all cheat is constant. A megabucks of us may be all ready using or have seen others, but just never noticed it or didnt know how to identify the methods. Let us start by looking at the definitions and examples of each.PlanningPlanning is the function of doing. Its the first management function both because it lays the groundwork for all o...

Internet restrictions :: essays research papers

I believe that humankind wide blade barricades should non be allowed. I believe that they be non helpful to the state that use the humankind large weathervane. I impression that the restrictions on the institution Wide mesh at check ar too strict. At school nearly come ins you try to look on are prohibited and they are totally faultless sites. I intuitive feeling that at school the unaccompanied restrictions that should be put on the World Wide vane are restrictions to fully grown sites. Even these sites should not be obstruct because both(prenominal) clear sites have web addresses that would seem same(p) a grownup site but end up be a totally spotless site. With the stem at school some of these harmless sites are obstruct and therefor limiting the web user who made need info from sites standardised these. some students know break-dance than to visit pornographic sites at school. So this block that forbids students to visit most sites just hurts the students learning capacity in some cases. There should not be a block on the World Wide web at school and if a student does visit a pornographic site then they should be prosecuted or disciplined.I have utilise the World Wide sack up ever since I was about 10 years old or so. I have found that restrictions on the World Wide Web just make researching a serve much frustrating. I loathe it when I am searching for a site that would be rattling useful but is restricted because it fall into the blocked sites of the ones that are blocked because they are pornographic. I love researching on the World Wide Web because it is so much easier than using an encyclopedia. Most of the time the World Wide Web has a lot more to offer than an encyclopedia. You can not watch a movie of an essay in an encyclopedia like you can on the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is big with many sites so it is unsaid to restrict sites and usually is do inefficiently therefor it is blocking harmles s sites.People that visit pornographic sites in college as an art whitethorn find a restriction on the World Wide Web to be totally stupid. They may need these sites to pass a naval division and the restrictions would plainly hurt them. Restrictions would only be limiting their knowledge so this is why I feel that restrictions would be unconstitutional.Internet restrictions essays research papers I believe that World Wide Web restrictions should not be allowed. I believe that they are not helpful to the people that use the World Wide Web. I feel that the restrictions on the World Wide Web at school are too strict. At school most sites you try to view are prohibited and they are totally harmless sites. I feel that at school the only restrictions that should be put on the World Wide Web are restrictions to pornographic sites. Even these sites should not be blocked because some harmless sites have web addresses that would seem like a pornographic site but end up being a totally h armless site. With the block at school some of these harmless sites are blocked and therefor limiting the web user who made need information from sites like these. Most students know better than to visit pornographic sites at school. So this block that forbids students to visit most sites just hurts the students learning ability in some cases. There should not be a block on the World Wide Web at school and if a student does visit a pornographic site then they should be prosecuted or disciplined.I have used the World Wide Web ever since I was about 10 years old or so. I have found that restrictions on the World Wide Web just make researching a lot more frustrating. I hate it when I am searching for a site that would be very useful but is restricted because it falls into the blocked sites of the ones that are blocked because they are pornographic. I love researching on the World Wide Web because it is so much easier than using an encyclopedia. Most of the time the World Wide Web has a lot more to offer than an encyclopedia. You can not watch a movie of an experiment in an encyclopedia like you can on the World Wide Web. The World Wide Web is big with many sites so it is hard to restrict sites and usually is done inefficiently therefor it is blocking harmless sites.People that visit pornographic sites in college as an art may find a restriction on the World Wide Web to be totally stupid. They may need these sites to pass a class and the restrictions would only hurt them. Restrictions would only be limiting their knowledge so this is why I feel that restrictions would be unconstitutional.

The Charge of the Light Brigade :: Free Essays

The Charge of the crystallise Brigade October 1854, the attention of the worlds most powerful empire was fixed on the territories of modern-day Ukraine. It was by no means a benevolent stare the British Empire cast eastward. For it was the Crimean War, and at Balaclava, Britain took a beating which has been immortalized in Lord Alfred Tennysons poem, The Charge of the Light Brigade. Half a league, half a league, half a league onward - repeating is used. There is a sense of movement distance and rhythm. All in the valley of finis rode the six ascorbic acid - valley of death is a metaphorical language. 600 hundred becomes important later on. Forward, the Light Brigade Charge for the guns he give tongue to - this is direct speech, very adventurous. Into the valley of Death rode the six hundred - soft building up, repetition. Forward, the Light Brigade - more repetition Was there a man dismayed? - Was there a man not sounding into it, all doi ng there duty, sense of doubt. Theirs not to make reply, Theirs not to crusade why, Theirs scarcely to do and die - rhythm, only concentrating on the duty. Dont reason why just do it. Into the valley of Death rode the six hundred - repetition Cannon to right of them, Cannon to left of them, Cannon in drift of them Volleyd and thunderd - sense of awareness, repetition, surroundings, danger and movement, sound and excitement. Into the jaws of Death, into the mouth of hell - jaws of death is a metaphor. Speaking as if theyre going into a mouth, nearly there. Excitement but much danger. Sense of hesitation. Rode the six hundred - repetition Flashd all their sabres bare, Flashd as they turnd in air, - the waving of their swords. Sabring the gunners there, Charging an army, while all the world wonderd - the waving of their swords. flake against guns. ALL the world wondered, how honourable.

Age Discrimination Within The Workplace Essay -- Job Ageism Essays

mount up discrimination in employment, also known as business sector jump onism, is a complex issue which impacts on many areas of Government form _or_ system of government and can have many implications for individuals themselves. Age discrimination can die across the whole spectrum of employment and can affect both jr. and gray-haireder pot. It can affect a persons chances of get a business organisation, as well as their chances of promotion or increase when in work. Age can also be a portion when employers decide who should be selected for termination.Ageism seems to be more common in the workplace than racism or sexism. Although only about 20% Of alone complaints filed with the federal Equal Employment Opportunity Commission (EEOC) are for age discrimination, settlements and jury awards are substanti whollyy higher in such cases than in those for race, sex or disability discrimination (Age Discrimination, 1999). Older people are accused of wishinging energy an d flexibility, while young people lack experience. Many people are refused the opportunity to show whether or non they have what it takes because of their age. These people are being robbed of their employment opportunities.Definition of Age DiscriminationThere can be both direct and collateral forms of age discrimination in employment. The most obvious forms are where people hold strong, stereotypical views about a persons capabilities to do a job or to be developed because of their age. For instance, an employer could regard all 18 year olds as immature and incapable of managing older staff, even so if they have the right qualifications and experience for the job. On the other hand, an employer could consider all those over 50 to be incapable of learning about reinvigorated technology, because thats something that young... ...tions (5th). Boston, NY Houghton Mifflin Company.Petrick, J. A., & Furr, D. S. (1995). Total quality in managing human resources. Delray Beach, FL St. Lucie Press.Player, A. M. (1992). Federal legality of employment discrimination (3rd). St. Paul, Minn. West Publishing Co.Retrieved April 13, 2000 from the World Wide electronic network http//gtp.canberra.edu.auRetrieved April 13, 2000 from the World Wide Web http//www.mscd.eduWeitzman, A. H., & Senior, J. M. (1999). Employment law Age discrimination. home(a) Law Journal, 22 (13), B7. Retrieved April 13, 2000 from ProQuest Direct on-line database.Yates, M. (1994). Power on the job The legal rights of working people. Boston, MA South End Press.Zemke, R. (1999). Get old - - get out Training Minneapolis, 36 (3), 6-8. Retrieved April 13, 2000 from ProQuest Direct on-line database.